Ethylene trifluoroethylene

Ethylene trifluoroethylene (Tefzel) (ETFE) has good mechanical properties from cryogenic levels to 350°F (177°C). It has an upper continuous working temperature limit of 300°F (149°C). 

It is important in some applications that the polymer does not embrittle outside a certain temperature range. Engineering plastics, which do not embrittle include LDPE, HDPE, PA, PTFE, ethylene-trifluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer and silicones. PP, epoxy resins and polymethyl pentene are all subject to embrittlement. 

Partially fluorinated materials include ECTFE (ethylene trifluoroethylene), ETEE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene), and PVDE (polyvinylidene fluoride). The partially fluorinated materials have higher mechanical properties but lower temperature ratings (<300°E/149°C), and chemical resistance. 

Ethylene trifluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) Ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE) Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)... 

Ethylene-trifluoroethylene copolymer Eluorinated ethylene-propylene Copolymer Silicones... 

A number of compounds including chlorodifluoro-ethylene, trifluoroethylene, dichlorotrifluoroethane, methyl chloride, dimethyl ether, and CTFE dimer are by-products of this reaction. 

As part of his elegant and comprehensive examination ot the competition between [2+2] and [2+4] reactions of fluorinated ethylenes, Bartlett found that trifluoroethylene s [2+4] reaction with butadiene competed somewhat with its [2+2] cycloaddirion [66] (equation 62). 

The closest physical realization of the system examined above would be a polymer such as poly(vinyl fluoride) doped into poly(ethylene) (observing the r resonance) or poly(trifluoroethylene) doped into poly(tetra-fluorethylene), observing H. Neither of these systems is likely to be sufficiently miscible, and there is the possibility of significant proportions of head-to-head linkages, which would dominate the experimental M2 because of the proximity of the spins on adjacent backbone atoms. 

The mechanism for reactions of SiF2 with various fluorine derivatives like trifluoroethylene F2C=CHF is similar, yielding l,l-difluoro-2-(trifluorosilyl)-ethane F2C=CFSiF3, l,2-difhioro-l-(trifluorosilyl)ethylene FHC=CFSiF3, and 1,2,2-trifluoro-1 -(trifluorosilyl)ethylene F2C=CFSiF3. 

Many examples have been reported of the replacement of a halogen by an amine to produce type B3 co-oligomers, e.g., the tetrasubstituted ethylenes (118 X = CH2, O)144 obtained in high yields by heating chloro-trifluoroethylene with piperidine and morpholine (respectively) at 80°. The reaction of 1,3-dimethyl-4-chlorouracil with 0.5 mole of an alkylene-diamine (in the presence of excess triethylamine) yielded the bisuracilyl-... 

The reactions of S( D) atoms with the fluorinated ethylenes have also been investigated including vinyl fluoride, jem-difluoroethylene, cis-1,2-difluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, and perfluoroethylene. 

Figure Thermogram in an inert atmosphere of a poly(ethylene-alt-chloro-trifluoroethylene) sample using a heating rate of tCf C/min.

Ethylene-Chloro- trifluoroethylene copolymer E-CTFE 1.68 VO 60 — Fair <0.02... 

Hydrocarbon and partially fluorinated olefins also undergo cycloaddition with fluorinated ketones. Thus, UV-induced addition of HFA to ethylene, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, 1,2-difluoroethylene," trifluoroethylene, and 3,3,3-trifluor-opropylene was reported to afford corresponding oxetanes in the yield >70%. In all cases where it is possible, the formation of both regioisomers was observed. For example, irradiation of the equimolar mixture of HFA and CF2=CH2 resulted in high-yield formation of regioisomers 5 and 6 (Scheme 2.5). 

Xu H, Cheng ZY, Olson D, Mai T, Zhang QM, Kavamos G (2001) Ferroelectric and electromechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoro-ethylene) terpolymer. Appl Phys Lett 78 2360... 

Performance improvement of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane has been achieved by blending with PANI-NFs [457]. Conducting blends of nanostruetured PANI and PANI-clay nanocomposites with ethylene vinyl acetate as host matrix have been prepared [458]. A new conducting hybrid biocompatible composite material of PANI-NFs well dispersed in a collagen matrix was fabricated with various PANI-NFs/eoUagen ratios [459]. PANI-NFs doped by protonic acids can be efficiently dispersed in vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymers [460]. Fabrication of MWCNTs/PANI-NF nanocomposites via electrostatic adsorption in aqueous colloids has been reported [143]. A PANI-NFs/ carbon paste electrode was prepared via dopping PANI-NFs into the carbon paste [461]. 

The reactions of perfluoroisobutene with sodium salts of malonic esters are difficult to control, owing to rearrangement and base catalysed cyclization, but when the complex BFs NEts is used as HF acceptor, condensation is readily controlled (see Scheme 15 and p. 99) and yields of up to 50% of allene (39) obtained. Antimony pentaliuoride catalyses the electrophilic addition of acid fluorides to 1,1-difluoro- and trifluoro-ethylene. Propiophenones, PhCO CHX-CFs (X = H or F), are obtained from benzoyl fluoride, but with acetyl fluoride, further condensation occurs, and trifluoroethylene yields the jS-diketone, CF3-CHF-CO-CH2Ac. ... 

Copolymer of trifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride CHC Poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) (elastomer) see also ECO... 

PVDF, poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVP, poly(viriyl fluoride) PtrFE, poly(trifluoroethylene) ECTFE, poly(ethylene-co-trifluoroethylene). 

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