Ethylene oxide propiolactone

Beta-Propiolactone. p-Propiolactone [57-57-8] was reported to be 4000 times more active than ethylene oxide, and 25 times more... 

Hydroxylamine Sulfate Diethylene Glycol Beta-Propiolactone Nitrogen Tetroxide Ethylene Oxide Benzophenone Benzophenone Diethylene Glycol Oxygen, Liquefied Dibenzoyl Peroxide Catechol Cresols... 

An addition graft copolymerization is the reaction of /9-propiolactone with cellulose, which has been extensively studied by Daul, Reinhardt, and Reid [138). In a similar reaction cellulose adds ethylene imine, as shown by work by Cooper, and Smith (139), and ethylene or propylene sulfide, as described by Champetier (140). Also the well known hydroxy-ethylation of cellulose by reaction with ethylene oxide belongs to this class of reactions. 

Chemical (vapor phase) Ethylene oxide Propylene oxide Formaldehyde (3 - Propiolactone Disinfection temperature Ethylene oxide also used as sterilizing agent Possible carcinogenic activity of p-propiolactone... 

However, note that not all of the regular polymers are able to form stereoisomers. In the case of polymers obtained from monomers not containing prochiral or chiral carbon atoms, such as, for example, ethylene, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide or /i-propiolactone, no stereochemical considerations are possible, since there are two identical substituents, and not different ones, at the monomer carbon atom. This is exemplified by the following ... 

Propiolactone is one example. It will alkylate amino, imino, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, all of which occur in proteins, and react also with thiol and disulphide groups responsible for the secondary structure of proteins and the activity of some enzymes. Another example is ethylene oxide, which has a very similar range of chemical activity. 

In the anionic polymerization there are three monomers only that have been studied in more detail, namely ethylene oxide, propylene sulfide, and B-propiolactone. Some... 

Poly(ethylene oxide) is a linear polymer containing the donor oxygen atoms in the main backbone. Some other similar systems known to function as polymer electrolytes include simple poly ethylene glycol (PEG) [145], end acetylated PEG [146], poly propylene oxide (PPO) [ 147-148], poly(/ -propiolactone) [149], polyethylene succinate) [150-151],poly (ethylene adipate) [152],poly (ethylene imine) [153] and poly (alkylene sulfide) [154], Many of these form metal salt complexes. However, conductivities of the order of 10 s S cm are observed only at high temperatures. Table 5 summarizes this data. 

Acrylic acid, CH2=CHCOOH, can be produced by a series of processes direct oxidation of acrolein oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide, with further reaction with hydrogen cyanide to ethylene cyanhydrin, which is then saponified and dehydrated addition of carbon monoxide and water to acetylene and from acetone by pyrolysis to ketene and addition of formaldehyde to the ketene to produce jS-propiolactone. jS-Propiolactone polymerizes to the corresponding polyester, which depolymerizes at 150 C to acrylic acid ... 

Fig. 6.12 Plot of melting temperature against characteristic ratio for indicated polymers. (1) Polyethylene (2) i-poly(propylene) (3) i-poly(isopropyl acrylate) (4) s-poly(isopropyl acrylate) (5) i-poly(methyl methacrylate) (6) s-poly(methyl methacrylate) (7) poly(dimethyl siloxane) (8) poly(diethyl siloxane) (9) poly(dipropyl siloxane) (10) poly(cis-l,4-isoprene) (11) poly(trans-l,4-isoprene) (12) poly(cis-1,4-butadiene) (13) poly(trans-1,4-butadiene) (14) poly(caprolactone) (15) poly(propiolactone) (16) poly(pivalolactone) (17) poly(oxymethylene) (18) poly(ethylene oxide) (19) poly(trimethylene oxide) (20) poly(tetramethylene oxide) (21) poly(hexamethylene oxide) (22) poly(decamethylene oxide) (23) poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (24) poly(caprolaetam) (25) poly(ethylene terephthalate) (26) poly(ethylene sulfide) (27) poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (28) i-poly(styrene) (29) poly(acrylonitrile) (30) poly(l,3-dioxolane) (31) poly(l,3-dioxopane) (32) poly(l,3-dioxocane) (33) bisphenol A-poly(carbonate).

Boileau, Kaempf, Schue and coworkers have studied the cryptate mediated anionic addition polymerization of several systems including ethylene oxide [38], propylene sulfide [39-40], isobutylene sulfide [40], isoprene [38], methyl methacrylate [38], hexamethyl trisiloxane [40], e-caprolactone [41], styrene [38, 40, 41], ct-methylstyrene [41], 1,1-diphenylethylene [41] and /3-propiolactone [42]. The polymerization of the latter compound induced by dibenzo-18-crown-6 complexed sodium acetate has also been reported [43]. In general, it was found that the polymer-... 

In the anionic polymerization there are three monomers only that have been studied in more detail, namely ethylene oxide, propylene oxide (methyloxirane), and p-propiolactone (propano-3-lactone). In the anionic active species, like alcoho-late anions, the negative charge (in contrast to onium cations) is localized almost exclusively on one atom. Therefore, dissociation constants are much lower and the differences in reactivity of ions and ion pairs are much more pronounced (Table 9). 

Propylene oxide has also been copolymerized with beta-propiolactone, epichlorohydrin, and methyl methacrylate using the alkaline earth/aluminum compound-type initiators (151). Terpolymers from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, and epsilon-caprolactone, as well as from epichlorhydrin, epsilon-caprolactone, and 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)oxetane,... 

A similar procedure, using highly viscous liquid complexes formed by FeClj (oxidant) with polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(j3-propiolactone) (PPL) and poly(l,5-di-oxepan-2-one) (PDXO) was employed by Rabek et al [339] to fabricate P(Py) composites. The complexes were first prepared in dry nitro-methane (polymer FeClj ratio 7 3) and cast as films on glass. The films were then exposed to pyrrole vapor in a desiccator, yielding composites of 50 - 200 pm thickness over different reaction times. Excess oxidant and unreacted monomer were removed with a nitromethane wash. Conductivities were ca. 10 S/cm and transmissions below 50% in the mid-Visible region. 

SAFETY PROFILE A human poison by inhalation. Experimental poison by inhalation, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. Experimental reproductive effects. Corrosive. A severe skin and eye irritant. An allergen and sensitizer. Mutation data reported. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Can react violently with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, aUyl chloride, CS2, chlorosulfonic acid, epichlorohydrin, ethylene chlorohydrin, HCl, mesityl oxide, HNO3, oleum, AgC104, H2SO4, p-propiolactone, or vinyl acetate. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical, alcohol foam. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and NH3. See also AMINES. 

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