Alkylether phosphates

Alkyl and alkylether phosphates are generally mixtures. The monoester usually contains some diester and may contain some triester. The diester usually contains both mono- and triester. They are often supplied as the free acids and both are then likely to contain free phosphoric acid. 

Alkyl phosphates and alkylether phosphates Phosphates are not hydrolysed by either acids or alkalis. 

Alkyl and alkylether phosphates are most conveniently analysed by NMR spectroscopy, but if this technique is not available phosphorus can be identified and determined after destruction of the organic matter, by one of the many versions of the molybdenum blue test, as in the following method [8]. 

Tsuji and Konishi [29] described the preparation of the acetate of the alcohols in phosphate esters, and the diacetate of the ethylene glycol derived from the ethylene oxide in alkylether phosphates, with subse-... 

Note the absence of phosphoric acid in this sample. This method can also be used to analyse mixtures of alkylether phosphates. The advantage of this method over standard chromatographic procedures is that the phosphorus analysis can be carried out in situ there is no need to extract and subsequently derivatise the surfactants. 

At the end of the 1990s statistics show that the non-ionic surfactants achieved the highest growth in production rates world-wide, though anionic surfactants (anionics) maintained the dominant position in the surfactant market. Today they are produced in a larger variety by the petrochemical industry than all other types of surfactants. Their production spectrum covers alkyl sulfates (ASs), secondary alkane sulfonates (SASs) and aryl sulfonates and carboxylates via derivatives of partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl surfactants to compounds with an alkylpolyglycolether substructure combined with an anionic moiety such as alkylether sulfates (AESs), phosphates, phosphonates or carboxylates. 

The use of carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids, SDS, bile salts, organic solvents, and alkylammo-nium ions was explored to study the separation of LAS homologues and positional isomers, - as well as alkylether sulfate oligomers. The MEKC separation of mixtures of the surfactant classes coconut diethanolamide, cocamido propyl betaine, and alkylbenzene sulfonate was studied in either low pH phosphate or high pH borate or dipentylamine buffers containing as surfactants deoxy-cholate or SDS, organic solvents (methanol, acetonitrile, n-propanol, and n-butanol), and anionic solvophobic agents (DOSS, fatty acids). " ... 

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