Ethylacetate

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Butanic Acid Butanoic Acid Butyric Acid Ethylacetic Acid Propanecarboxylic Acid Chemical Formula CHjCHjCHjCOOH. 

Acetone Carbon tetrachloride, chloroform/o-chlorophenol, chloroform// -cresol, chloroform/hexafluoroisopropanol, chloroform/methanol (up to 60%), o-dichlorobenzene, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, ethylacetate, FC-113, haxane, methylethylketone, N-methylpyrrolidone, pyridine, quinoline, cyclohexane, dodecane... 

A solution of 24.6 g of o-allyl-epoxypropoxybenzene dissolved in 250 ml of absolute ethanol saturated with ammonia was placed in an autoclave and heated on a steam-bath for 2 hours. The alcohol was then removed by distillation and the residue was redissolved in a mixture of methanol and ethylacetate. Hydrogen chloride gas was introduced into the solution. The hydrochloride salt was then precipitated by the addition of ether to yield 11.4 g of product. Five grams of the amine-hydrochloride thus formed were dissolved in 50 ml of methanol and 9 ml of acetone. The resulting solution was cooled to about 0°C. At this temperature 5 g of sodium borohydride were added over a period of 1 hour. Another 2.2 ml of acetone and O.B g of sodium borohydride were added and the solution was kept at room temperature for 1 hour, after which 150 ml of water were added to the solution. The solution was then extracted with three 100-ml portions of ether which were combined, dried over potassium carbonate, and evaporated. The free base was then recrystallized from petrol ether (boiling range 40°-60°C) to yield 2.7 g of material having a melting point of 57°C. 

C. The precipitated product is filtered, dried and recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give 5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(p-methylsulfinylbenzylidene)-3-indenylacetic acid. Upon repeated recrystallization from ethylacetate there is obtained cis-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(p-methylsulfinyl-benzylidene)-3-indenylacetic acid (MP 184° to 186°C). 

Recently, Suzuki and Taniguchi93 hydrolyzed n-butylacetate, ethylacetate, and methylacetate with HPSt and 41 (PVA B) (partially-o-benzalsulfonated polyvinylalcohol). The volume of activation, A P+, was obtained from the pressure dependence of reaction rates [ F + = -kT(d Ink/dP)]. The A + increased with increasing hydro-phobidty of the substrate. 

Forms azeotropic mixts with butyl ale, acetic acid, heptane, toluene, nitroethane, perchioro-ethylene, w, etc. Prepn is by reacting propyl ale with coned nitric acid (d 1.41g/cc) dissolved in ethylacetate at 20°, followed by distn of the product. NPN can also be preod bv reacting a continuous stream of propyl ale below the surface of stirred mixed acid (20% nitric acid, 68% sulfuric acid and 12% w by wt) in a cooled (0—5°) open stainless steel vessel. Addnl mixed acid is also simultaneously introduced at about a third of the depth of the liq. An overflow pipe maintains a constant reactant level and the effluent prod is sepd, washed with 10% aq Na carbonate soln and dried by passage thru a Filtrol packed tower. Contact time of reactants can vary from 0.6 to 15 mins using about 50% isopropanol at 0° to yield 66.5% NPN (Ref 3b)... 

Bromocriptine 2 (0.65 g, 1 mmol) was dissolved in 100 ml of dry ethanol and 60 ml of tetrafluoroboric acid / diethylether complex (85 %) was added while stirring. After standing overnight at RT the solvent was evaporated and the raw product isolated by extraction in the system dichloromethane 12% ammonia in water and evaporated to the dry residue. This residue was applied to the chromatographic column (I.D. = 2 cm, lenght = 20 cm) packed with silicagel and eluted with dichloromethane / ethylacetate =1 1. The fractions containing 2 were evaporated to the dry residue and crystallized from alcohol. 

Ethoxy acetylene 2-Ethoxy ethanol, see Cellosolve 2-Ethoxy ethylacetate, see Cellosolve acetate 0.79 2.4 <-7 lOOexp. 

Titanium powder (0.626 g, 13.07 mmol) is suspended in 10 mb DME. Me3SiCl 14 (1.59 mb, 13.07 mmol) and (iPrO)3TiCl (9 mol%) are added and the mixture heated under reflux for 68 h under argon. 2-AcetylbenzaniHde 2091 (ca. 4 mmol) is added to this preactivated titanium reagent and the mixture is heated under reflux for 2.5 h. After filtration and evaporation of the filtrate the residue is chromatographed with hexane-ethylacetate (20 1) on silica gel to give 3-methyl-2-phenyl-indole 2092 as colorless crystals, m.p. 91-93 °C, in 97% yield [64] (Scheme 13.31). 

Figure 7. Separation of eight biogenic amines using ion pair partition liquid chromatography. Conditions 30 cm column with 4 fim silica stationary phase, 0.1M HClO /0.9M NaClO mobile phase, ethylacetate/tributyl phosphate/hexane (72.5/10/17.5) velocity, 0.8 cm/sec (47).

Various extraction methods for phenolic compounds in plant material have been published (Ayres and Loike, 1990 Arts and Hollman, 1998 Andreasen et ah, 2000 Fernandez et al., 2000). In this case phenolic compounds were an important part of the plant material and all the published methods were optimised to remove those analytes from the matrix. Our interest was to find the solvents to modily the taste, but not to extract the phenolic compounds of interest. In each test the technical treatment of the sample was similar. Extraction was carried out at room temperature (approximately 23 °C) for 30 minutes in a horizontal shaker with 200 rpm. Samples were weighed into extraction vials and solvent was added. The vials were closed with caps to minimise the evaporation of the extraction solvent. After 30 minutes the samples were filtered to separate the solvent from the solid. Filter papers were placed on aluminium foil and, after the solvent evaporahon, were removed. Extracted samples were dried at 100°C for 30 minutes to evaporate all the solvent traces. The solvents tested were chloroform, ethanol, diethylether, butanol, ethylacetate, heptane, n-hexane and cyclohexane and they were tested with different solvent/solid ratios. Methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (ACN) were not considered because of the high solubility of catechins and lignans to MeOH and ACN. The extracted phloem samples were tasted in the same way as the heated ones. Detailed results from each extraction experiment are presented in Table 14.2. 

The oleoresin is obtained from turmeric powder by solvent extraction. Solvents approved for use by European Commission are ethylacetate, acetone, carbon dioxide, dichloromethane, n-butanol, methanol, ethanol, and hexane. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also authorized the use of mixtures of solvents that include those mentioned earlier plus isopropanol and trichloroethylene. After filtration the solvents must be completely removed from the oleoresin. 

Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation is a relatively developed process compared to other asymmetric processes practised today. Efforts in this direction have already been made. The first report in this respect is the use of Pd on natural silk for hydrogenating oximes and oxazolones with optical yields of about 36%. Izumi and Sachtler have shown that a Ni catalyst modified with (i ,.R)-tartaric acid can be used for the hydrogenation of methylacetoacetate to methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate. The group of Orito in Japan (1979) and Blaser and co-workers at Ciba-Geigy (1988) have reported the use of a cinchona alkaloid modified Pt/AlaO.i catalyst for the enantioselective hydrogenation of a-keto-esters such as methylpyruvate and ethylpyruvate to optically active (/f)-methylacetate and (7 )-ethylacetate. 

Chemical name 2-Chloro-A/-ethoxymethyl-6 -ethylacet-o-toluidide... 

Principles and Characteristics Although early published methods using SPE for sample preparation avoided use of GC because of the reported lack of cleanliness of the extraction device, SPE-GC is now a mature technique. Off-line SPE-GC is well documented [62,63] but less attractive, mainly in terms of analyte detectability (only an aliquot of the extract is injected into the chromatograph), precision, miniaturisation and automation, and solvent consumption. The interface of SPE with GC consists of a transfer capillary introduced into a retention gap via an on-column injector. Automated SPE may be interfaced to GC-MS using a PTV injector for large-volume injection [64]. LVI actually is the basic and critical step in any SPE-to-GC transfer of analytes. Suitable solvents for LVI-GC include pentane, hexane, methyl- and ethylacetate, and diethyl or methyl-f-butyl ether. Large-volume PTV permits injection of some 100 iL of sample extract, a 100-fold increase compared to conventional GC injection. Consequently, detection limits can be improved by a factor of 100, without... 

Urine ( -aminolevuli nic acid) Dilution of sample reaction with ethylacetoacetate and ethylacetate to form -amino-levulinic acid-pyrrole reaction with Erhlich s reagent Spectrophotometry No data No data Tomokuni and Ichiba 1988... 

In Ref. [107] the procedure above has been employed for the measurement of the molar mass distribution of a broad molecular weight polystyrene, obtained by radical polymerization with ethylacetate as solvent. The scaling parameters for this polystyrene in this marginal solvent have been determined to be a 2.8 x 10-4 cm2/s and b 0.52 [107]. The upper curve in Figure 17 shows the resulting molar mass distribution in comparison with the one obtained by SEC. 

Syntheses are limited to mercuric salts of weak acids (2,110). Generally, increasing the length of the straight alkyl chain decreases the extent of decarboxylation (e.g., Ref. 133). Electron-withdrawing substituents suppress decarboxylation. For example, mercurials are not formed with Me02C, Cl, and Me(CH2)nO substituents on the a carbon (137,148,149), but some decarboxylation occurs with these on the j8 carbon (135-137). Chain decarboxylation predominated in reactions in benzene, butyric acid [R = Me(CH2)2] (150), or acetic acid (R = Me) (124). The chain reaction was also observed for R = Me(CH2)2 in the absence of solvent and in ethylacetate or heptane solution, but in these media the radical displacement reaction was dominant (2,150). When benzene was used as solvent... 

The sulfur-specific pathway for desulfurization of benzothiophene (BT) has been reported in Gordonia sp. Strain 213E. The metabolites of BT conversion were determined by ethylacetate extraction of the culture medium followed by GC-MS analysis [33,34], The reaction mechanism was proposed to be very similar to that of DBT for the first two steps (Fig. 4) however, the third step was quite different. 

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