Ethyl, amine bromide

The halogen influences the rate of reaction, and, in general, the order of reactivity is HI > HBi > HCl. Impoitant uses of etfiyl chloiide include the manufacture of tetraethyllead and ethylceUulose. Ethyl bromide can be used to produce ethyl Grignard reagent and various ethyl amines. 

For the preparation of sterically crowded amides amino magnesium salts have been recommended for the reaction with imidazolides in order to increase the nucleophilicity of the amine moiety. Amino magnesium salts are prepared from the appropriate amines and ethyl magnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran [90]... 

N-Methylethylamine has been prepared by heating ethyl-amine with methyl iodide in alcohol at 100° 3 by the hydrolysis of N-methyl-N-ethylarenesulfonamides,4-5 -nitroso-N-methyl-N-ethylaniline,6 or methylethylbenzhydrylidene ammonium iodide 7 by catalytic hydrogenation of ethyl isocyanate or ethyl isocyanide 8 and by the reduction of ethyl isocyanate by lithium aluminum hydride,9 of N-methylacetisoaldoxime by sodium amalgam and acetic acid,10 or of a nitromethane/ethylmagnesium bromide adduct by zinc and hydrochloric acid.11... 

More recently, Polish chemists have reported a synthesis of both aryl and aliphatic secondary nitramines by treating amine substrates with ethyl magnesium bromide followed by reaction with n-butyl nitrate (Equation 5.8). This method, which uses nonpolar solvents like hexane or benzene, has been used to synthesize aliphatic secondary nitramines, and At-nitro-A-methylanilines which otherwise undergo facile Bamberger rearrangement in the presence of acid. The direct nitration of At-unsubstituted arylamines usually requires the presence of an electron-withdrawing group. Reactions are retarded and yields are low for sterically hindered amines. 

N-(p-Trifluoromethylbenzyl)-cinchonidinium bromide, 325 N-(p-Trifluoromethylbenzyl)-cinchoninium bromide, 325 Tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine, 336... 

Ethyl amine ametryn, atrazine, carbetamide, cyanazine, cymoxanil, dimethametryn, eglinazine, flumetralin, propetamphos, secbumeton, simazine, simetryn, sulfuramid, terbumeton, terbutylazine, trietazine N-Ethyl aniline phenisopham 4 Ethyl benzoyl chloride tebufenozide Ethyl bromide esfenvalerate Ethyl butyl amine see Butyl ethyl amine... 

Most alkylidenecyclopropanes have been prepared by reacting cyclopropylidenetriphenyl-.i -phosphane with aldehydes and ketones. The phosphorus ylide is either prepared by treating cyclopropyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, a stable compound, with base, e.g. phenyl-lithium, potassium er/-butoxide, sodium hydride, or by generating both the phos-phonium salt and the ylide in situ from (3-bromopropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide employing two equivalents of base. ° The latter method seems to give somewhat better yields, as indicated by the synthesis of l-diphenylmethylene-2-methylcyclopropane (1) from ben-zophenone. ° The yield has also been increased by adding a catalyst. Considerable improvements have in particular been observed by using tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine, a phase-transfer catalyst, e.g. formation of The use of several phosphorus ylides and bases is summarized in Table 25. 

A suspension of NaH (220 mg, 4.59 mmol, 50% oil dispersion prewashed with hexane) and cyclopropyl-triphenylphosphonium bromide (1.76 g, 4.59 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was heated at 62 °C for 10 h. A solution of cyclododecanone (644 mg, 3.53 mmol) and tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine (TDA-1) (114 mg, 10 mol%) in THF (5 mL) was then added to the heated orange suspension. The resulting tan mixture was stirred at 62°C until TLC analysis showed no remaining cyclododecanone. The reaction mixture was then cooled, diluted with pentane (100 mL) and passed through a short pad of silica gel. Evaporation of the solvent yielded 393 mg (54%) of pure product. 

The case of Wolffram s red, [Pt (etn)4][Pt (etn)4Cl2]Cl4 dHaO, etn = ethyl-amine, is typical of those for mixed-valence complexes of the sort under discussion (92). Excitation within the contour of the broad mixed-valence band centred around 21,000 cm (and polarised parallel to the chain axis) leads to the appearance of a very strong band at 316 cm (i i) together with its associated overtone progression (Fig. 19). This progression reaches as far as 91 x at room temperature and with 514.5 nm excitation, but as far as 161 l when the sample is held at ca. 80 K (93). Similar results are obtainable for the corresponding bromide (94). 

Styrene (S, 99%, stabilized), 2-ethylhexylaciylate (EHA, 99-i-%, stabilized), copper(l) cUoride (CuCl), copper(l) bromide (CuBr, 98%) and ethyl-2-bromopropionate (99%) were purchased from Acros. 2-Bromopropionyl bromide (97%), ethylene glycol (99%), l,l,l-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane (97%), pentaerythritol (99%), 2,2 -bipyridine (bpyr, 99 +%) and N,N,N, N",N -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA, 99 %) were purchased from Aldrich. Tris(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) amine (Mce-TREN) (18-19) and alkylated linear amine ligands (ALAL) (20-22) were synthesized according to literature procedures. All other solvents and chemicals were reagent grade, and were used as received. 

Several modifications of this reduction involve formates and are effective for reduction of various functional groups. A mixture of formic acid and ethyl magnesium bromide was used to reduce decanal to decanol in 70% yield. Decanal was also reduced to decanol in 69% yield by using sodium formate in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone as a solvent. Functional groups other than carbonyl derivatives can be reduced under relatively mild conditions with formate derivatives. Ammonium formate, in the presence of palladium on carhon was used to reduce an azide to a primary amine.Aliphatic nitro compounds are also converted to an amine with this reagent. l°... 

Amines such as ethyl amine, at 25% in water or higher concentrations, swell hair to a greater extent than water. These solutions rupture amide and peptide linkages and ultimately disintegrate (dissolve) the hair (after several days) [56, 97]. Concentrated solutions of alkah halides (25 to 60%), after several days, produce extensive dimensional changes to hair [56, 97]. Barnard and White [90] found extensive swelhng by potassium iodide, sodium bromide, lithium bromide, and lithium chloride solutions, but not for sodium chloride. See the section on supercontraction in Chapter 3. 

Typically, phosphoms-based ligands are used to complex no-copper transition metals. Whereas, nitrogen-containing ligands have been used in copper-and iron-mediated ATRP, including 1,1,4,7,10,10-Hexamethyltriethylenetetramine (HMTETA), 2,2 -bipyridine (Bipy), NJ l,N d l ,N -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), and tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (MceTREN) [26, 27], The activation rate constants for these ligands in copper bromide mediated ATRP and the proposed reaction mechanism of copper/2,2 -bipyridine are shown in Fig. 3.5. 

Demethylation of the tricyclic antihistamine 9, with cyanogen bromide gives the secondary amine 10 acylation of that intermediate with ethyl chloroformate affords the nonsedating H-1 antihistaminic agent loratidine (11) [3], It is of interest that this compound does not contain the zwitterionic funcrion which is thought to prevent passage through the blood-brain barrier, characteristic of this class of compounds. 

The starting material was produced by the reaction of furfural with ethylamine followed by hydrogenation to give N-ethyl-N-(2-tetrahydrofurfuryl)amine. Treatment of that material with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid gives N-ethyl-3i3iperidinol. 

In each of two ordinary 250-cc. (8-oz.) narrow-mouthed bottles are placed 32.1 g. (32.5 cc., 0.3 mole) of m-toluidine and 33 (23 cc-y °-3 mole) of ethyl bromide (Note 1). The bottles are sealed with rubber stoppers wired tightly in place and then allowed to stand for twenty-four hours in a 2-1. beaker filled with water at room temperature (Note 2). The white crystalline mass in each bottle is broken up and the amine is liberated by shaking with 150 cc. of 10 per cent sodium hydroxide solution and 50 cc. of ether. The contents of the two flasks are combined, the lower aqueous layer is separated and discarded, and the ether solution of the amine is washed with 150 cc. of water, When the ether is distilled from a steam bath, the crude amine (90-92 g.) is obtained. 

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