Ethanol vapour

The desiccant in a drying tube, accidentally exposed to ethanol vapour, was left for several months. The explosion which occurred when the desiccant was scraped out was certainly due to formation of ethyl perchlorate. 

At the start-up of aerobic fermentation, ethanol vapour and carbon dioxide production begins almost immediately glucose is applied to the bed (Rottenbacher et al., 1987), climbing to peak volumetric levels in the off-gas wifhin abouf 15 minutes of applying the feed solufion. The levels fhen decline slighfly and stabilise at about 30 minutes run... 

Solubility Insoluble in water very soluble in diethyl ether and ethanol Vapour pressure 133 Pa at 35.4°C (Lin Bieron, 1993)... 

Because water has the higher boiling point of the two, it condenses out from the mixture with ethanol. This is what takes place in the fractionating column. The water condenses and drips back into the flask while the ethanol vapour moves up the column and into the condenser, where it condenses into liquid ethanol and is collected in the receiving flask as the distillate. When all the ethanol has distilled over, the temperature reading on the thermometer rises... 

Ethene can be prepared by passing ethanol vapour over hot aluminium oxide. 

Subcooled reflux to maintain low ethanol vapour pressure... 

Ethanol vapour burns in air according to the following equation ... 

Alonso, B. Albouy, P.A. Durand, D. Babonneau, F. Directing role of pH and ethanol vapour on the formation of 2D or 3D mesostructured silica and hybrid organo-silica thin films. N.J. Chem. 2002, 26 (10), 1270-1272. 

Fig. 5.4. Response of different types of sensors responding to a 10 s pulse of simple analytes. Sensor responses to a) ethanol vapour, and b) toluene vapour in air. (Reprinted with permission by Royal Society, London).

Again, correction routines including algorithms for handling shift related to sensor replacement can be successfully applied. For the above example, illustrated in Figure 8.5, the classification performances were severely reduced after array replacement, the percentages of correct classification were 40%, 100% and 33% respectively for ethanol vapour, background air and compost emission. After individual sensor correction, each classification rate reaches 100 (table 8.2). 

Weber 1. T., Andrade R., Leite E. R., and Longo E., A study of the Sn02-Nb205 system for an ethanol vapour sensor A correlation between microstructure and sensor performance, Sens. Actuators B, 72, 180-183, 2001. 

Gardner J. W., Vidic M., Ingleby R, Pike A. C., Brignell J. E., Scivier R, Bartlett P. N., Duke A. J., and Elliott J. M., Response of a poly(pyrrole) resistive micro-bridge to ethanol vapour, Sens. Actuators B, 48, 289-295, 1998. 

Kunnecke and Schmid [40] introduced a gas-diffusion separation system combined with an immobilized alcohol oxidase column used for the determination of ethanol in beverages by amperometry. Ethanol vapour from the samples diffused through a silicone-modified polypropylene membrane and was collected in a potassium phosphate buffer acceptor stream before passing through the immobilized enzyme column where the ethanol was transformed into hydrogen peroxide. The peroxide was determined using an amperometric detector with excellent precision (cf. Sec. 8.4). 

The pressure needed to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature is called its critical pressure. The critical temperatures and pressures for some gases are given in Table 10.3. For example, if ethanol vapour is above 243°C, no amount of pressure will convert the vapour to liquid. If the ethanol vapour were exactly at a temperature of 243 C, a pressure of 63 atm would need to be applied to the vapour in order to force it to condense to a liquid. 

The spectrum of ethanol vapour is similar. Study the spectrum and identify two peaks that you think may be used to measure the ethanol concentration in breath. WiU (a) the absorbance (b) the % transmittance of the peaks be proportional to C2H5OH concentration ... 

Rao, B. B. (2000) Zinc oxide ceramic semi-conductor gas sensor for ethanol vapour) Materials Chemistry and Physics, 64(1), 62-65. 

Figure 1.7 Interconversion of the highly porous, homochiral 3D MOF [Ni3(btc)2(py)6(l,2-pd)3]- (guest) upon guest desorption and exposure to ethanol vapour (a), involving transformation from a doubly interpenetrated, distorted (10,3)-a network phase to one in which four regular (10,3)-a nets interpenetrate (b). Reprinted with permission from C.J. Kepert, T.J. Prior and M.J. Rosseinsky, /. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, 5158. Copyright (2000) American Chemical Society...

Electrospinning In situ chemical polymerization, pelleting, ethanol vapor Spin-coating, UV polymerization, ethanol vapour in air. Acetone interference assessed Ethanol vapour in Ng, block copolymer nanolithography... 

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