Ethanol from lignocellulosic materials

Lynd, L.R. (1989) Production of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials using thermophilic bacteria critical evaluation of potential and review. Adv. Biochem. Eng., 38, 1-52. 

Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Materials Pretreatment, Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolyses, and Fermentation... 

Taherzadeh MJ, Karimi K. (2007b). Enzymatic-based hydrolysis processes for ethanol from lignocellulosic materials a review. Bioresources, 2, 707-738. 

Ballesteros, M., OUva, J. M., Negro, M. J., Manzanares, P., Ballesteros, I. (2004). Ethanol from lignocellulosic materials by a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process (SFS) with Kluyveromyces marxianus CECT 10875. Process Biochemistry, 39, 1843—1848. 

Nowadays, the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic raw materials is one of the processes that are being developed to produce alternative fuels, bioethanol. Unlike... 

Second-generation biofuel technologies make use of a much wider range of biomass feedstock (e.g., forest residues, biomass waste, wood, woodchips, grasses and short rotation crops, etc.) for the production of ethanol biofuels based on the fermentation of lignocellulosic material, while other routes include thermo-chemical processes such as biomass gasification followed by a transformation from gas to liquid (e.g., synthesis) to obtain synthetic fuels similar to diesel. The conversion processes for these routes have been available for decades, but none of them have yet reached a high scale commercial level. 

The production of fuel ethanol from renewable lignocellulosic material ("bioethanol") has the potential to reduce world dependence on petroleum and to decrease net emissions of carbon dioxide. The lignin-hemicellulose network of biomass retards cellulose biodegradationby cellulolytic enzymes. To remove the protecting shield of lignin-hemicellulose and make the cellulose more readily available for enzymatic hydrolysis, biomass must be pretreated (1). 

A unique pilot plant for ethanol production from lignocellulose feedstock was inaugurated in O-vik, Sweden in May 2004. The aim of the pilot plant was to develop efficient continuous technologies for the various process steps in ethanol production from forest raw material and other lignocellulosic feedstock. Different raw materials require different conditions during the production process and the process also needs to be optimised for every raw material. Further it was important to demonstrate that large-scale lignocellulose ethanol production was possible... 

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