Ethanol carcinogenicity initiation

Procedure Prepare phenolphthalein solution by dissolving 50 mg of solid indicator in 50 mL of ethanol and diluting with 50 mL of water. The following solutions should be fresh Dilute 9 mL of 37 wt% formaldehyde to 100 mL. (caution Formaldehyde is a carcinogen.) Dissolve 1.4 g of Na2S205 and 0.18 g of Na2S03 in 400 mL of water and add 1 mL of phenolphthalein indicator solution. To initiate the clock reaction, add 23 mL of formaldehyde solution to the well-stirred buffer solution. Reaction time is affected by temperature, concentrations, and volume. 

Although, as indicated above, ethanol could promote the development of PHC by several mechanisms, no animal study has yet revealed an effect of chronic ethanol consumption on the post-initiation phase. Schwarz et al. (1983) administered diethylnitrosamine (3 mg/kg) to female Wistar rats and, after the animals had been allowed to recover from the toxic effects of the carcinogen, administered ethanol in the drinking water (10% w/v) for 16 weeks. This low dosage had no effect on the number or size of ATPase-deficient foci. 

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