Ethanal reaction with

SiH3)2C6H4 (H2L) leads to the nickel(iv) complex Ni(dmpe-P,.f, )(L-6V,6V )2. 31P NMR spectroscopic studies of the reaction indicate the presence of the intermediates Ni(dmpe-.P,.P )(dmpe-P)(L-Structural data have confirmed the unusual Ni2Si2 core. Starting from Ni(depe)2 (depe = l,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane), reaction with... 

Arnold WA, Ball WP, Roberts AL. Polychlorinated ethane reaction with zerovalent zinc pathways and rate control. J Contam Hydrol 1999 40 183-200. 

Ethyl Chloride. Previously a significant use for industrial ethanol was the synthesis of ethyl chloride [75-00-3] for use as an intermediate in producing tetraethyllead, an antiknock gasoline additive. Ethanol is converted to ethyl chloride by reaction with hydrochloric acid in the presence of aluminum or zinc chlorides. However, since about 1960, routes based on the direct addition of hydrochloric acid to ethylene or ethane have become more competitive (374,375). 

In the second paper the models were amplified for ethane, 49 reactions with 11 molecular species and 9 free radicals for propane, 80 reactions with 11 molecular species and 11 free radicals. The second paper has a list of 133 reactions involving light hydrocarbons and their first- or second-order specific rates. 

Selectivity in formation of protective groups may also be achieved by a proper choice of reaction conditions and catalyst. Thus formation of the 3-monothioketal from 3,6-diketones is achieved by dilution of the ethane-dithiol-boron trifluoride reaction mixture with acetic acid. 3-Monocyanohydrins are obtained in good yield from 3,20-diketo-(5a)-pregnanes by diluting the exchange reaction with ethanol. Similarly, dilution of the... 

Thioketals are readily formed by acid-catalyzed reaction with ethane-dithiol. Selective thioketal formation is achieved at C-3 in the presence of a 6-ketone by carrying out the boron trifluoride catalyzed reaction in diluted medium. Selective protection of the 3-carbonyl group as a thioketal has been effected in high yield with A" -3,17-diketones, A" -3,20-diketones and A" -3,l 1,17-triones in acetic acid at room temperature in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. In the case of thioketals the double bond remains in the 4,5-position. This result is attributed to the greater nucleophilicity of sulfur as compared to oxygen, which promotes closure of intermediate (66) to the protonated cyclic mercaptal (67) rather than elimination to the 3,5-diene [cf. ketal (70) via intermediates (68) and (69)]." " ... 

Pi peridinobenzimidazole also serves as starting material for the antipsychotic agent halopemide (69). In the absence of a specific reference, one may speculate that the first step involves alkylation with bromochloro-ethane to give halide The chlorine may then be converted to the primary amine by any of several methods such as reaction with phthalimide anion followed by hydrazinolysis. Acylation with j -fluorobenzoyl chloride then gives the desired product. 

A major use of propane recovered from natural gas is the production of light olefins by steam cracking processes. However, more chemicals can be obtained directly from propane by reaction with other reagents than from ethane. This may be attributed to the relatively higher reactivity of propane than ethane due to presence of two secondary hydrogens, which are easily substituted. 

This mechanism is further proved by the observation that addition of 0.05 m Br to aqueous DMSO results in reduced intensity of the ethane signal. Bromide ion at this concentration does not effectively compete with DMSO for OH (kom-DMso = 7 x 109 m 1s 1, [DMSO] = 0.23m, k0H + Br = 1-1 x 1010m-1s-1) and the effect of Br can be due to its reaction with the cation of DMSO30 34 found also in pure DMSO, (CH3)2SO + is reduced by Br- and consequently cannot react with the spur electrons. 

A technique used to overcome the unfavorable thermodynamics of one reaction is to couple that reaction with another process that is thermodynamically favored. For instance, the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to form benzene and hydrogen gas is not spontaneous. Show that, if another molecule such as ethene is present to act as a hydrogen acceptor (that is, the ethene reacts with the hydrogen produced to form ethane), then the process can be made spontaneous. 

Participation of adsorbed intermediates can also be shown by the prolonged decay of the potential 011 interruption of the current (Conway and Vijh, 1967a) or by measurement of the time-dependence of the formation of products by carrying out the reaction with pulses of potential of controlled duration (Fleischmann et al., 1966). Thus the formation of ethane in the Kolbe reaction of acetate ions in acid solutions is initially proportional to the square of time as would be predicted for the rate of the step (27) (Fleischmann et al., 1965). 

The pyridine ligand in the products shown in Scheme 126 is labile and can be readily replaced by bidentate ligands such as 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or l,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe). Scheme 127 illustrates the reaction with phen. ... 

Torr. The order of reaction with respect to ethane Is observed to... 

The proposed reaction mechanism involves intermolecular nucleophilic addition of the amido ligand to the olefin to produce a zwitterionic intermediate, followed by proton transfer to form a new copper amido complex. Reaction with additional amine (presnmably via coordination to Cn) yields the hydroamination prodnct and regenerates the original copper catalyst (Scheme 2.15). In addition to the NHC complexes 94 and 95, copper amido complexes with the chelating diphosphine l,2-bis-(di-tert-bntylphosphino)-ethane also catalyse the reaction [81, 82]. 

An apparent particle size effect for the hydrodechlorination of 2-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol was observed by Keane et al. [147], Investigating silica supported Ni catalysts (derived from either nickel nitrate or nickel ethane-diamine) with particles in the size range between 1.4 and 16.8 nm, enhanced rates for both reactions were observed with increased size over the full range (Figure 13). As electronic factors can be ruled out in this dimension, the observed behavior is traced back to some sort of ensemble effect, known from CFC transformations over Pd/Al203... 

Perfluoroalkyl)ethane thiols have been used as precursors to fluorinated surfactants and products for hydro- and oligophobic finishing of substrates such as textiles and leather (1). The synthesis of 2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethane thiol and a byproduct bis-(-2-perfluoroalkylethane)-disulfide (5-10%) has been practiced via the reaction of 2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethane iodide with thiourea to form an isothiuronium salt which is cleaved with alkali or high molecular weight amine as shown in Equation 1 for 2-(perfluorohexyl)ethane iodide (1). 

The removal of NO, as compared to the case without propylene, results mainly from the reaction with NO forming 2-nitroso ethanal (ONCH2CHO), especially at higher input energy ... 

The l,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane (dcpe) bidentate ligand forms the mononuclear, square-planar Ir1 complexes [Ir(cod)(dcpe)lBPh4, [Ir(dcpe)2]BPh4, and JTIrCl(CO)(dcpe)], which have been characterized by IR, ll, and 31 P 1II) NMR spectroscopy. 1 Products of reaction with CO are discussed. 

---