Estrogens effects

Bazedoxifene is a third generation SERM that displays estrogenic effects in bone and the cardiovascular system, but functions as an antiestrogen in the breast and uterus. 

As under most circumstances progesterone action will hold primacy over estrogenic effects, the cervical mucus, endometrium, and probably the fallopian tubes reflect progestational stimulation. The cervical mucus becomes thick and viscous and thus impervious to spermatozoa. The endometrium is in a state that is not receptive for implantation of a fertilized egg. Probably, the progestational impact on the secretory activity and peristalsis in the fallopian tubes also assists the general contraceptive effect. It is difficult, however, to assess the relative contribution of the various effects to the... 

Recently, leaders in the pharmaceutical industry have developed a list of desired properties for a fourth generation of SERMs (Table 2). In general, future SERMs must oppose endogenous hormone action in the breast and reproductive system while displaying full estrogenic effects in the cardiovasculature, bone and central nervous systems. Additional criteria are that fourth generation compounds possess superior bioavailability compared with existing SERMs and have... 

Raizada RB, Srivastava MK, Dikshith TSS. 1991. Lack of estrogenic effects of endosulfan An organochlorine insecticide in rat. Nat Acad Sci Lett 14(2) 103-107. 

Soto AM, Chung KL, Soimenschein C. 1994. The pesticides endosulfan, toxaphene, and dieldrin have estrogenic effects on human estrogen-sensitive cells. Environ Health Perspect 102(4) 380-383. 

Higashitani, T, Tamamoto, H., and Takahashi, A. et al. (2003). Study of estrogenic effects on carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to sewage treatment plant effluents. Water Science and Technology 47, 93-100. 

Nimrod, A.C. and Benson, W.H. (1996). Environmental estrogenic effects of alkylphenol ethoxylates. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 26, 335-364. 

Pelissero, C., Lemenn, E, and Kaushick, S. (1991). Estrogenic effect of dietary soya bean meal on vitellogenesis in cultured Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri. General and Comparative Endocrinology 83, 447 57. 

HSIEH c Y, SANTELL R c, HASLAM s z, HELFERICH w G (1998) Estrogenic effects of genistein on the growth of estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res. 58 3883-3838. 

MCEWEN B s (1999) Clinical review 108 The molecular and neuroanatomical basis for estrogen effects in the central nervous system. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84 1790-97. 

SANTELL R c, CHANG Y c, NAIR M G and HELFERICH w G (1997) Dietary genistein exerts estrogenic effects upon the uterus, mammary gland and the hypothalamic/pituitary axis in rats. . 1 Nutr. 127 (2) 263-9. 

In marked contrasts to the flavonoids, the isoflavonoids have a very limited distribution in the plant kingdom and are almost entirely restricted to the subfamily Papilionoidae. Their estrogenic effect was discovered following the observation of a decline in birth rate for sheep fed on Trifolium sublerraneum. Changes in... 

Balaguer P, Francois F, Comunale F, Fenet H, Boussioux AM, Pons M, Nicolas JC, Casellas C (1999) Reporter cell lines to study the estrogenic effects of xenoestrogens. Sci Total Environ 233 47-56... 

FIGURE 52-9 Summary of estrogen effects on the ventromedial nuclei related to its activation of female sexual behavior in the rat. DG, dentate gyrus. (From [41], with permission.)... 

Qu Q, Zheng H, Dahllund J, Laine A, Cockcroft N, Peng Z, et al. (2000) Selective estrogen effects of a novel triphenylethylene compound, FC1271a, on bone, cholesterol level, and reproductive tissues in intact ovariectomized rats. Endocrinology 141 809-820... 

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