Estrogen postpartum

The onset of schizophrenic symptoms also may be associated with the menopause, and it has been suggest that estrogen protects women from schizophrenia (Hafner, et al., 1993 Seeman, 1996). Schizophrenia may be exacerbated by the menopause and during other periods when estrogens are low, such as the postpartum period. 

There is no indication for estrogen therapy during pregnancy or during the immediate postpartum period. Estrogens are ineffective for the prevention or treatment of threatened or habitual abortion. Estrogens are not indicated for the... 

Contraindications for oral contraceptives form episodes of thrombosis or embolism and cardiovascular disease. Estrogen containing pills should not be used immediately postpartum since they can interfere with lactation. 

Finally, sex steroids are also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Estrogen deficiency states, which occur in the postpartum and postmenopausal periods, are thought to play a role in the etiology of depression in some women. Likewise, severe testosterone deficiency in men is sometimes associated with depressive symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men and women may be associated with an improvement in mood and depressive symptoms. 

It is very difficult to evaluate any behavioral or emotional effects of these compounds in humans. Although the incidence of pronounced changes in mood, affect, and behavior appears to be low, milder changes are commonly reported, and estrogens are being successfully employed in the therapy of premenstrual tension syndrome, postpartum depression, and climacteric depression. 

The second patient had other risk factors for autoimmune thyroid disease, and the association was probably coincidental, but the episode may have been precipitated by low estrogen concentrations, as is hypothesized in postpartum thyroiditis. 

Suppression of postpartum lactation Estrogen, progesterone, and bromocriptine (a dopamine receptor agonist) are all effective in suppressing postpartum lactation. 

Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone secreted by special cells of the adenohypophysis. It stimulates and sustains lactation in postpartum mammals, the mammary glands having been prepared by other hormones, including estrogens, progesterone, growth hormone, corticosteroids, and insulin. It also stimulates formation of milk in the crop sac of birds, such as pigeons and doves (an action formerly used for bioassay), is luteotropic m certain mammals, and has many other... 

Chlorotrianisene is a nonsteroidal synthetic estrogen that is used in postpartum breast engorgement (12 mg 4 times/day for 7 days), vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause (12 mg/day cyclically for 30 days), atrophic vaginitis and Kraurosis vulvae (12 mg/day cyclically for 60 days), female hypogonadism (12 mg/day cyclically for 21 days), and inoperable prostate carcinoma (12 mg/day given chronically) (see also Figure 28). 

Estradiol is an estrogen that promotes growth and development of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics affects release of pituitary gonadotropins inhibits ovulation and prevents postpartum breast engorgement conserves calcium and phosphorous and encourages bone formation overrides stimulatory effects of testosterone. 

It is indicated in the management of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause treatment of atrophic vaginitis, kraurosis vulvae, fanale hypogonadism, symptoms of female castration, and primary ovarian failure prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (conjugated estrogens) palliative treatment of metastatic breast or prostate cancer in selected women and men treatment of postpartum breast engorgement and abnormal uterine bleeding. 

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