Estimating and valuing the health impacts of urban air pollution

Estimating and Valuing the Health Impacts of Urban Air Pollution 

Air pollution has been associated with a variety of adverse health effects (Table 6). 

These include impairments in lung function, increased incidence of chronic bronchitis, 

The most important health effects, in terms of economic damages that can be assigned monetary values, are premature mortality and increased incidence of chronic heart and lung disease. The air pollutants that have shown the strongest association with premature mortality and heart and lung disease are PM and airborne lead. PM has also been associated with hospital admissions, respiratory infections, and asthma attacks. Ozone has also been associated with mortality, hospital admissions, asthma attacks and respiratory restricted activity days (RADs), days on which a person cuts back on his or her normal activities, but does not necessarily miss work or stay in bed. S02 and NOx do not have such significant direct effects, though they do have 

Lead Mortality Morbidity Health effecs for individuals in age ranges other than those studied 

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