Escherichia coli 0157 infection outbreak

Naimi, T. S., Wicklund, J. H., Olsen, S. J., Krause, G., Wells, J. G., Bartkus, J. M., Boxrud, D. J., Sullivan, M., Kassenborg, H., Besser, J. M., Mintz, E. D., Osterholm, M. T., et al. (2003). Concurrent outbreaks of Shigella sonnei and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections associated with parsley Implications for surveillance and control of foodborne illness. J. Food Prot. 66,535-541. 

Morgan G M, Newman C, Palmer S R et al (1988), First recognized community outbreak of haemorrhagic colitis due to verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli 0157 H7 in the UK , Epidemiology and Infection, 101, 83-91. 

Hilborn, E.D., Mermin, J.H., Mshar, P.A., Hadler, J.L., Voetsch, A., Wojtkunski, C., Swartz, M., Mshar, R., Lambert-Fair, M.-A., Farrar, J.A., Glynn, K. and Slutsker, L. (1999) A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 infections associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce . Archives of Internal Medicine, 159, 1758-1764. 

Michino, H., Araki, K., Minami, S., Takaya, S., Sakai, N., Miyazaki, M., Ono, A. and Yanagawa, H. (1999) Massive outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 infection in schoolchildren in Sakai City, Japan, associated with consumption of white radish sprouts . American Journal of Epidemiology, 150, 787-796. 

Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, such as E. coli 0157, which produce a potent toxin, cause hemorrhagic infections in the colon resulting in bloody diarrhea or life-threatening complications such as kidney failure. E. coli 0157 outbreaks have been mainly related to beef consumption, however, sprouts, lettuce, and juice have also been found to cause outbreaks. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1993). Update Multistate Outbreak of Escherichia coli 01S7 H7 Infections from Hamburgers—Western United States, 1992-1993. MMWR, 42(14), 258-263. 

Breuer T, Benkel DH, Shapiro RL, Hall WN, Winnett MM, Linn MJ, Neimann J, Barrett TJ, Dietrich S, Downes FP, Toney DM, Pearson JL, Rolka H, Slutsker L, Griffin PM Investigation Team. A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 infections linked to alfalfa sprouts grown from contaminated seeds. Emerg Infect Dis 2001 7(6) 977-82. 

Anonymous. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreaks of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 infection associated with eating alfalfa sprouts—Michigan and Virginia, June-July 1997. JAMA 1997 278(10) 809-10. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2006). Ongoing multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli serotype 0157 H7 infections associated with consumption of fresh spinach—United States. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 55,1045-1046. 

CDC. 1993. Preliminary report Foodborne outbreak o Escherichia coli 0157 FI7 infections from hamburgers, Western United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 42 851-886. 

Conedera, G., Mattiazzi, E., Russo, R, Chiesa, E., Scorzato, L, Grandesso, S., et al. (2007). A family outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157 haemorrhagic colitis caused by pork meat salami. Epidemiology and Infection, 135, 311-314. 

Food-bome illnesses caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Listeria, and Escherichia coli have hecome a major health concern in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that each year, E. coli in contaminated foods infects 20 000 people in the United States and that 500 people die. E. coli has been responsible for outbreaks of illness from contaminated ground beef, fruit juices, lettuce, and alfalfa sprouts. 

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