Escherichia coli drinking water

Escherichia coli Drinking water Nucleic acid probe + TSA Fepeuple et al. 2003... 

Shehabi AA, Odeh JF, Fayyad M (2006) Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons found in Escherichia coli isolates from human stools and drinking water sources in Jordan. J Chemother 18(5) 468-472... 

Artiz, R. R. E. and Killham, K. (2002). Survival of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 in private drinking water wells Influences of protozoan grazing and elevated copper concentrations. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 216,117-122. 

Bacteria are widely distributed in nature. They are found in the water we drink, in the food we eat, in the air we breathe in fact, they are found inside our bodies themselves (Escherichia coli). Bacteria are plentiful in the upper layers of the soil, in our rivers and lakes, in the sea, in your fingernails— they are everywhere. 

Matsunaga et al. studied the disinfection of drinking water at room temperature using Escherichia coli as a model microorganism. As shown in Fig. 7, the carbon cloth electrodes were interwoven with ion exchange membranes and rolled around a glass tube [32]. At an applied potential of 0.7 V vs. SCE, an initial cell suspension of 10 cells/dm was reduced to <10 cells/dm at a residence time of 10 min. The disinfection was thought to be based on the electrochemical oxidation of intracellular coenzyme A. 

Amalaradjou, M. A. R., Annamalai, T., Marek, P., Rezamand, P., Schreiber, D., Hoagland, T., and Venkitanarayanan, K. (2006). Inactivation of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 in cattle drinking water by sodium caprylate. J. Food Prot. 69, 2248-2252. 

Zhao, T., Zhao, P., West, J. W., Bernard, J. K., Cross, H. G., and Doyle, M. P. (2006). Inactivation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in rumen content- or feces-contaminated drinking water for cattle. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72,3268-3273. 

In another study Escherichia coli cells treated by Ag nanoparticles were found damaged, showing formation of pits in the cell wall of the bacteria (59). Jain and Pradeep have studied the efficacy of silver nanoparticles as a drinking water filter where there is bacterial contamination of the surface water (60). Silver nanoparticles were utilized to make stable, silver-coated filters from common polyurethane (PU) foams. The performance of the material as an antibacterial water filter was checked and no bacterium was detected in the output water when the input water had a bacterial load of 1 X 10 colony-forming units (CPU) per miUditer. The antibacterial action was also checked inline for a flow rate of 0.5 L/min and no bacterium detected, which suggests that domestic use of this technology is possible. 

Water quality standards for recreation are focused on prevention of waterborne infections. The standards in use are directly derived from drinking water standards. However, the levels of contamination are considerably less strict. In 1986 the USEPA recommended that Escherichia coli and enterococci be substituted for fecal coliform and fecal streptococci counts as measures of biological water quality for contact recreation such as swimming and water skiing. Current recormnendations are that the steady-state geometric mean of freshwater samples not exceed 126 per 100mLfor sc/ mc/ /aco//andnotexceed33per 100 mL for enterococci. Marine samples, such as are taken in the smf, should not exceed 35 enterococci per 100 mL. 

The rule for satisfactory drinking water is that Escherichia coli must not be detectable in 100 ml of drinking water. 

The final criterion of satisfactory sterilization of domestic water is the reduction in bacterial concentration to very low values. Bacteriological examination of drinking water uses the coliform bacteria Escherichia coli—often referred to as E, coli) as an indication of the purity of the water since these bacteria are the normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract and constitute about 30% of the dry weight of adult human feces. Water suitable for human consumption should contain less than one viable coliform per 100 mL. 

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