Erythropoietin expression

Abruzzese, R.V., D. Godin, V. Mehta, J.L. Perrard, M. French, W. Nelson, G. Howell, M. Coleman, B.W. O Malley, and J.L. Nordstrom, Ligand-dependent regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin expression by a plasmid-based autoinducible GeneSwitch system. Mol Ther, 2000. 2(3) 276-87. 

Wanner RM, Spielman P, Stroka DM, Cameiusch G, Cameiusch I, Scheid A, Houck DR, Bauer C, Gassman M, Wenger RW Epolones induce erythropoietin expression via hypoxia-inducible factor la activation. Red Cells 2000 96 1558-1565. 

Zhang, X., Lok, S. H. and Kon, O. L. Stable expression of human alpha-2,6-sialytransferase in Chinese hamster ovary cells funtional consequences for human erythropoietin expression and bioactivity. Biochiem. Biophys. Acta, 1998, 1425, 441-452. 

Hokke,C.H.,Bergwerff,A.A.,VanDedem,G.W.K.,etfl/. (1995) Structural analysis of the sialylated N- and O-linked carbohydrate chains of recombinant human erythropoietin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Sialylation patterns and branch location of dimeric N-acetyllactosamine units. European Journal of Biochemistry, 228, 981-1008. 

Sasaki, H., Bothner, B., Dell, A., and Fukuda, M. (1987) Carbohydrate structure of erythropoietin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells by a human erythropoietin cD A.. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 262, 12059-12076. 

Nimtz, M., Martin, W., Wray, V., et al. (1993) Structures of sialylated oligosaccharides of human erythropoietin expressed in recombinant BHK— 21 cells. European Journal of Biochemistry, 213,39-56. 

JAKs and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are functionally analogous with IRS and PI3K. JAKs are physically associated with a cell surface receptor (e.g. for leptin, erythropoietin (EPO), growth factors or cytokines) STATs are free monomeric proteins within the cytosol but following phosphorylation by a JAK, individual proteins dimerize and then move into the nucleus of the cell where they control gene expression. 

To date, most approved protein-based drugs are for therapeutic or replacement therapies. They are recombinant versions of natural proteins such as insulin and erythropoietin. Their characteristics and functions are relatively well defined and known. The next phase of biopharmaceuticals, such as antibodies and vaccines, is more complex and requires more tests and characterizations. Controls for the reliability, contamination, and fidelity of expression systems will be high on the agenda in the coming decade. 

Weise A, Altmann F, Rodriguez-Franco M, Sjoberg ER, Baumer W, Launhardt H, Kietzmann M, Gorr G. (2007) High-level expression of secreted complex glycosylated recombinant human erythropoietin in the Physcomitrella D-fuc-t D-xyl-t mutant. Plant Biotechnol J 5 389 01. 

Gogu, S.R., Malter, J.S. and Agrawal, K.C. (1992) Zidovudine-induced blockade of the expression and function of the erythropoietin receptor. Biochemical Pharmacology, 44, 1009-1012. 

Epoetin alfa Agonist of erythropoietin receptors expressed by red cell progenitors Stimulates erythroid proliferation and differentiation, and induces the release of reticulocytes from the bone marrow Treatment of anemia, especially anemia associated with chronic renal failure, HIV infection, cancer, and prematurity prevention of the need for transfusion in patients undergoing certain types of elective surgery IV or SC administration 1-3 times per week Toxicity Hypertension, thrombotic complications, and, very rarely, pure red cell aplasia to reduce the risk of serious CV events, hemoglobin levels should be maintained < 12 g/dL... 

Destruxin-A4 chlorohydrin (204), a depsipeptide from a Mycelium sterilium strain, induces erythropoietin gene expression 5-fold at 0.2 pM [162]. 

Tripathy, S.K., Svensson, E.C., Black, H.B., Goldwasser, E., Margalith, M., Hobart, P.M. et al. (1996) Long-term expression of erythropoietin in the systemic circulation of mice after intramuscular injection of a plasmid DNA vector. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 10876-10880. 

Shibata, T., Akiyama, N., Noda, M., Sasai, K. and Hiraoka, M. (1998) Enhancement of gene expression under hypoxic conditions using fragments of the human vascular endothelial growth factor and the erythropoietin genes. Int.J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Rhys., 42, 913-916. 

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