Kidd, John

English chemist and physician John Kidd obtains naphthalene from coal tar, pointing the way toward the use of coal as a source of many important chemicals. 

Everything is Illuminated by Jonathan Saffan Foer To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee The Lord of the Flies by William Golding Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck Schindler s List by Thomas Keneally The Secret Life of Bees by Sue Monk Kidd White Teeth by Zadie Smith... 

Kelly, A, G,W. Groves, und P, Kidd Crystallography and Crvsitd Defects. John Wiley Sons. Inc.. New York. NY. 2000. 

Kelly, A., Groves, G.W. and Kidd, P (2000), Crystallography and Crystal Defects, John Wiley Sons, Chichester. 

Palmer PL. Reactive walls. In Nyer EK, Kidd DF, Palmer PL, Crossman TL, Fam S, Johns FJ II, Boettcher G, Suthersan SS, eds. In Situ Treatment Technology. Boca Raton, FL CRC, 1996 271-288. 

Naphthalene (NAF-thuh-leen) is a white crystalline volatile solid with a characteristic odor often associated with mothballs. The compound sublimes (turns from a solid to a gas) slowly at room temperature, producing a vapor that is highly combustible. Naphthalene was first extracted from coal tar in 1819 by English chemist and physician John Kidd (1775- l85i). Coal tar is a brown to black thick liquid formed when soft coal is burned in an insufficient amount of air. It consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, similar to that found in petroleum. Kidd s extraction of naphthalene was of considerable historic significance because it demonstrated that coal had other important applications than its use as a fuel. It could also be utilized as the source of chemical compounds with a host of important commercial and industrial uses. Naphthalene s chemical structure was determined by the German chemist Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer (1825-1909). Erlenmeyer showed that the naphthalene molecule consists of two benzene molecules joined to each other. 

Dr Wall had taken the deposit to be fixed vegetable alkali (potassium carbonate) but Higgins showed it to be mainly nitre, an analysis confirmed by John Kidd, the Aldrichian Professor of Chemistry, in 1814 (see the next chapter for further details). 

Phil. Trans.y 1821, cxi, 209 Ann. Phil.y 1822, hi, 143. John Kidd (Westminster, 1780 or 1775-Oxford, 17 September 1851) was professor of chemistry, then of medicine, at Oxford, and Director of the Eweline Hospital in Oxford. He wrote Outlines of Mineralogy (2 vols., Oxford, 1809), and other mineralogical and geological works, and On the natural production of saltpetre on the walls of buildings (the underground Ashmolean laboratory), Phil. Trans, y 1814, civ, 508. 

British chemist John Kidd derives naphthalene. German... 

A. Kelly, G.W. Groves, and P. Kidd, Crystallography and Crystal Defects," Revised edition, John Wiley and Sons, LTD, New York, (2000) 298-290... 

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