Equipment Mixers

The RE process proceeds in three major types of equipment mixer-settler systems, column extractors, and centrifugal extractors. Countercurrent column extractors can be further subdivided into nonagitated nonproprietary columns and agitated proprietary extractors. Agitating the liquid-liquid system breaks up droplets and increases the interfacial area to improve the mass transfer and column efficiency. Various forms of energy input are used, e.g., rotation of propellers, impellers, and discs pulsation, vibration, and ultrasonic devices and centrifugal devices. 

Conventional processing equipment (mixers, granulators, roller compactors, drying equipment, and mills) can be used to produce effervescent preparations if the influence of atmospheric moisture is considered. As a rule, tablet presses have to be adapted to handle effervescent products, except for tablets with a sufficient proportion of a self-lubricating substance, such as acetylsalicylic acid. 

The parallel electrolytic reduction developments at Karlsruhe appear to have concentrated initially more on the reduction of Pu and U in electrode-equipped mixer-settlers in which the reduction occurred largely in the settled aqueous phase rather than in a heterogeneous mixture. It was determined that a separating membrane may njt be necessary because of the redox potentials in the U - U5 - U6 system and the absence of gaseous products at the electrodes which could lead to explosive mixtures. A pulsed column, with internals quite different from those of Allied Chemical s electropulse column, was eventually developed and successfully tested (15,26) (Fig. 4). 

Observing the flow diagram we can formulate three independent material balances in each piece of equipment (mixer, evaporator, crystallizer, and centrifuge), for a total of 12 equatirms. The diyer can be separated into two systems, and so we can formulate three equations for the mother liquor and crystals and one for the air. Finally, at the purge there is a division, and so we can formulate tme more independent equation. 

Aluminium is used in the food industry either in food processing equipment vats, trays, kitchen utensils, cutting equipment, mixers, etc. or in packaging. 

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