EPR applications

More P J 1989 Analysis of polarized electron paramagnetic resonance spectra Advanced EPR Applications In Biology and Biochemistry ed A J Hoff (Amsterdam Elsevier) ch 12... 

Advanced EPR - Applications in Biology and Biochemistry, ed. A.J. Hoff, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989. 

A. Levina, R. Codd, and P. A. Lay, Chromium in cancer and dietary supplements, in G. Hanson and L. Berliner, (Eds.) High Resolution EPR. Applications to Metalloenzymes and Metals in Medicine, Biological Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 28, Springer, New York, 2009, pp. 551-579. 

In more recent years special volumes on PS II and PS I have been edited in Biochim. Biophys. Acta2ns which nicely showed the breadth of modern EPR applications in photosynthesis research. 

In this section the recent literature on EPR applications of the bRC and the related light-harvesting systems (LH1 and LH2) are covered which form the photosynthetic unit in photosynthetic bacteria.53... 

Miscellaneous Applications of EPR to PS II. - A number of authors used EPR to detect changes of the S-state cycle and the tyrosine radicals and correlated this with other functional aspects of the OEC and PS II. In particular, the prominent S2 state MLS and the tyrosine signals have been used for these investigations. A representative fraction of such work and some other EPR applications from the last years are discussed below. 

As EPR continues to find new applications in virtually all areas of modern science, including physics, chemistry, biology and materials science, this series caters not only for experts in the field, but also those wishing to gain a general overview of EPR applications in a given area. 

Reijerse E J, van Dam P J, Klaassen A A K, Hagen W, van Bentum P J M and Smith G 1998 Concepts in high-frequency EPR—applications to bio-inorganic systems Appl. Magn. Reson. 14 153-67... 

EPR applications are nonetheless limited due to lack of naturally occurring paramagnetic systems. In many cases one has to introduce stable free radicals artificially. These are called spin labels if they are covalently linked to the investigated system and spin probes if their interaction is of non-covalent nature [19, 30-32]. This apparent disadvantage, though, can often be of great value, as these spin probes can be detected very specifically and with higher sensitivity as compared to NMR on, e.g., H-nuclei [33]. 

In most EPR applications, the molecules under study are double-labeled, simplifying (14) for the intra-molecular decay function to... 

The analysis and information content of an EPR spectrum from singlecrystal samples is much more obvious. For proteins, this possibility is limited by the difficulties involved in growing of large-enough crystals (> 10 mm for EPR applications). The analysis of these spectra may even be complicated by many non-equivalent sites in the unit cell of such a crystal. Additionally, one has to consider that crystallization effects may potentially change the structure of a protein or hinder internal conformational dynamics. Samples may also be partially aligned, for example, by external fields, on surfaces, membranes, or on thin films. In these cases, the ordering of the molecules is not perfect, and additional information on order parameters is necessary to simulate the observed spectra correctly. 

Hoff AT (1989) Advanced EPR applications in biology and biochemistry. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam... 

Hoff AJ (ed.) (1989) Advanced EPR Applications in Biology and Biochemistry. Amsterdam Elsevier. 

Hagen, W. R. g-Strain Inhomogeneous Broadening in Metalloprotein EPR. In Advanced EPR Applications in Biology and Biochemistry, Hoff, A. J., Ed., Elsevier Amsterdam, 1989, Chapter 2. 

Hoff, A.J. (ed.) Advanced EPR, Applications in Biology and Biochemistry, Amsterdam Elsevier, 1989. Platz, M.S. (ed) Kinetics and Spectroscopy of Carbenes and Biradicals, New York Plenum, 1990. FHaya, Y.J. (ed.) Spin Chemistry, Tokyo The Oji International Conference on Spin Chemistry, 1991. Bagguley, D.M.S. (ed.) Pulsed Magnetic Resonance NMR, ESR and Optics, a Recognition of E.L. Hahn, Oxford Oxford University Press, 1992. 

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