Epilepsy children

Gniatkowska-Nowakowska A. Fractures in epilepsy children. Seizure 2010 19(6) 324-5. 

In assessing the risk benefit ratio, it is also necessary to consider the benefit for the child resulting from adequate therapeutic treatment of its mother. For instance, therapy with antiepileptic drugs is indispensable, because untreated epilepsy endangers the infant at least as much as does administration of anticonvulsants. 

Evans, O.B., Gay, H., Swisher, A., and Parks, B. (1989) Hematologic monitoring in children with epilepsy treated with carbamazepine. / Child Neurol 4 286-290. 

Petit mal is the most common form of epilepsy found in children. Convulsions are not common, rather the child will seem to "blank out". 

Propofol infusion syndrome might be precipitated by a combination of prolonged propofol infusion and carbohydrate intake insufficient to suppress fat metabolism. Support for this hypothesis has come from a case report of a child with catastrophic epilepsy who developed fatal propofol infusion syndrome after a ketogenic diet was introduced in an attempt to control severe intractable epilepsy (962). 

Biton V, Levisohn P, Hoyler S, Vuong A, Hammer AE. Lamotrigine versus valproate monotherapy-associated weight change in adolescents with epilepsy results from a post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. J Child Neurol 2003 18 133-9. 

Coulter DL. Carnitine deficiency in epilepsy Risk factors and treatment. J Child Neurol 1995 10(Suppl. 2) S32-9. 

Robinson R, Gardiner M (2000) Genetics of childhood epilepsy. Arch Dis Child 82 121—125. 

A 2-year-old boy is brought into your pharmacy by his parents. He is well wrapped up for the cold weather but they say he has a temperature. He has a cough which he picked up at nursery. The parents want to know if they can have something to prevent febrile convulsions. They are particularly worried as they have an older child with epilepsy. On questioning the parents say that they took his temperature this morning and it was 38°C, but his head still feels very hot. 

Sheth RD, Ronen GM, Goulden KJ, Penney S, Bodensteiner JB. Clobazam for intractable pediatric epilepsy. J Child Neurol 1995 10(3) 205-8. 

Seidel WT, Mitchell WG. Cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine in children data from benign rolandic epilepsy. J Child Neurol 1999 14(ll) 716-23. 

Leppik IE. Three new drugs for epilepsy levefiracefam, oxcarbazepine, and zonisamide. J Child Neurol. 2002 f7 SuppI f S53-7. 

GlauserTA, Pellock JM. Zonisamide in pediatric epilepsy review of the Japanese experience. J Child Neurol. 2002 f 7 87-96. 

When a child has febrile convulsions the decision to embark on continuous prophylaxis is serious for the child, and depends on an assessment of risk factors, e.g. age, nature and duration of the fits. Most children who have febrile convulsions do not develop epilepsy. Prolonged drug therapy, e.g. with phenytoin or phenobarbitone, has been shown to interfere with cognitive development, the effect persisting for months after the drug is withdrawn. Parents may be supplied with a specially formulated solution of diazepam for rectal administration (absorption from a suppository is too slow) for easy and early administration, and advised on managing fever, e.g. use paracetamol at the first hint of fever, and tepid sponging. 

Sills, M. A Forsythe, W, L., Haidukewych, D., MacDonald, A-, and Robinson, M. (1986). The medium-chain iriglyccride diet and intractable epilepsy. Arch- Dts. Child. 61,1168-1172. 

Verrotti A, Feliciani C, Morresi S, Coscione G, Morgese G, Toto P, Chiarelli F. Carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity syndrome in a child with epilepsy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2000 13(l) 49-53. 

Parmeggiani L, Belmonte A, Ferrari AR, Perucca E, Guerrini R. Add-on lamotrigine treatment in children and young adults with severe partial epilepsy an open, prospective, long-term study. J Child Neurol 2000 15(10) 671. ... 

Catania S, Cross H, de Sousa C, Boyd S. Paradoxic reaction to lamotrigine in a child with benign focal epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsia 1999 40(ll) 1657-60. 

One 13-month-old boy died 8 days after immunization. Autopsy showed that the cause of death was aspiration of vomit. The most commonly reported neurological adverse events were febrile seizures. Epilepsy was diagnosed in three children sjmptoms manifested for the first time 1, 10, and 21 days after immunization. One child was later diagnosed as having severe Lennox-Gastaut syndrome medical records subsequent to the acute phase were not available for the other two. 

Bass NE, Wyllie E, Cohen B, Joseph SA. Pyridoxine-depen-dent epilepsy the need for repeated pyridoxine trials and the risk of severe electrocerebral suppression with intravenous pyridoxine infusion. J Child Neurol 1996 11(5) 422. ... 

The effects of tiagabine have been studied in a 4-month, single-blind study in 52 children over the age of 2 years with different syndromes of refractory epilepsy (5). Adverse events, mostly mild to moderate, were reported by 39% of the children during the single-blind placebo period and by 83% of the children during tiagabine treatment. The events predominantly affected the nervous system weakness (19%), nervousness (19%), dizziness (17%), and somnolence (17%) were the most common. One child had hallucinations that responded to dosage reduction. Only three children withdrew because of adverse events. 

A child with developmental delay and epilepsy developed glycosuria about 16 months after starting to take valproic acid (90). Laboratory evaluation showed global defects in proximal tubule function, consistent with the De Toni-Debre-Fanconi syndrome. The authors reviewed the literature on this rare complication, which is reversible on valproate withdrawal. 

Koul R, Chacko A, Ganesh A, Bulusu S, A1 Riyami K. Vigabatrin associated retinal dysfunction in children with epilepsy. Arch Dis Child 2001 85(6) 469-73. 

A child with severe epilepsy, autistic behavior, and developmental delay has characteristics of a condition known as Angelman s syndrome. Because of the syndromic nature of the disorder and the developmental delay, a karyotype is performed that shows a missing band on one chromosome 15. Which of the following best describes this abnormality ... 

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