Epidermal outgrowths

Pig. 46. —I, Epidermis of oak leaf 2, epidermis of Iris leaf, both viewed from the surface 3, group of cells from petal of Viola tricolor 4, two epidermal cells in cross-section showing thickened outer wall differentiated into three layers, namely, an outer cuticle, cutinized layer (shaded), and an inner cellulose layer 5 and 6. epidermal outgrowths in the form of scales and haif.s. (i, 2, 6 after Stevens, 3 after Strasbur ger, 4 after Sachs, and S after de Bary.)... 

The so-called climbers boot theory was advanced, implicating the setae as structures capable of microinterlocking with substrate asperities. This was rejected " on structural grounds, based upon physical properties of the epidermal outgrowths, and later by the demonstration that gecko adhesion could occur on molecularly smooth surfaces. ... 

Trichomes Single-celled or multicellular outgrowths of epidermal cells Produce volative oils for glandular trichomes reflect bright light in some desert plants increase boundary layer mechanically discourage predators salt secretion in some halophytes digestions in sundews... 

One of the most important features in the soil-plant relationship is the rhizosphere extent. This factor is highly variable, ranging from <1 mm to several millimeters and strongly dependent on the gradients that develop in the rhizosphere as a consequence of different processes. In these processes a crucial role is played by the root hairs, tubular outgrowths of root epidermal cells the development of root hairs is dependent on the genotype and is affected by the environmental conditions (e.g. nutrient availability, abiotic stresses and hormones). 

Outgrowths From Normal and Cancerous Epiderm in Vitro," J. Cell. Biol (1973) 58,219-223. 

The epidermis of leaves, stems, fruits, and seeds of many plants frequently give rise to outgrowths in the form of papillae, hairs and scales. Epidermal papilla are short protuberances of epidermal cells. They may be seen to advantage on the upper epidermis of the... 

Roothairsi outgrowths of epidermal cells, with which water and... 

Sano, M. and Kitajima, S. (1992) Activation of microtubule-associated protein kinase in PCI 2D cells in response to both fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor and concomitant stimulation of the outgrowth of neurites. J. Neurochem. 58 837-844. 

For instance, topical application of CORM-2 can reduce the chronic epidermal hyperplasia accompanying tumor outgrowth (photocarcinogenesis) induced by UVB (290-320 nm) radiation in hairless mouse [105], being a potential anticancer drug at early stages of tumor development. 

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