Ephedra spp.

Ephedra spp, Gnetaceae, Gymn. from China 1-(brondiodilator) d-(decongestant)... 

Y. Hashimoto, Quantitative Determination of (—)- and (+ )-pseu-doephedrine in Ephedra spp. by thin-layer chromatography, Ya-kugaku Zasshi, 97 594 (1977). 

Catha edulis (khat), Maytenus krukovii (Celastraceae), Ephedra spp. (Ephedraceae) [leaf] khat (qat) - Arabian, Yemeni E. African stimulatory tea beverage or masticatory... 

Various reports on the antihypertensive activity of lignans were published before 1997 [14], ( )-Pinoresinol diglucoside from Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiaceae), pinoresinol monoglucoside from Forsythia spp., sesamin from sesame oil, neojusticin B from Justicia procumbens, ephedradine B (a hybrid neolignan-alkaloid) from Ephedra spp.(Ephedraceae), danshensuan B from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Labiatae) and magnolol from different sources were all reported to be hypotensives in different animal models. 

Ma huang Ephedrine (various Ephedra spp.) Stimulant athletic performance enhancement appetite suppressant Insomnia hypertension, tachycardia psychosis, seizures (see Caffeine, p 142). 

Constit. of Ephedra spp. and Caltha palustris seed oils. 

Ephedra spp. roots are known as major source of ephedrine and derivatives alkaloids, but this plant species also contains an imidazole derivative, feruloylhistamine (12), which was identified in methanolic extract of the drug in 1983 [19, 20]. After column chromatography and crystallization procedures, feruloylhistamine was characterized by and NMR and mass spectroscopy. A molecular ion peak was observed at miz 287 consistent to a C15H17N3O3 fragment, and the NMR spectrum revealed signals for aliphatic and aromatic carbons and also one carbonyl group. The synthetic derivative was also obtained and afforded the same physical data as the natural compound [19]. 

Source Chinese ephedra Ephedra sinica Stapf. Intermediate ephedra Ephedra intermedia Shrenk et C. A. Mey. Mongolian ephedra Ephedra equisetina Bge. Other Ephedra spp. (Family Ephedraceae). 

Solanaceae) (leaves) (145) Thapsia villosa L. (Apiaceae) (fruits) (146) Limonium perezii E.T. Hubb. L. gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze (Plumbaginaceae) (147) Ephedra spp. (Ephedraceae) (148)... 

In addition to pharmacopoeial preparations, a number of diverse preparations are available for purchase often via the Internet. These include Ephedra spp. herbal extracts and teas (e.g. Cao Ma Huang, used in traditional Chinese medicine) and are marketed in context with sports supplement weight loss products. Dosages can vary greatly and several additives, sometimes unknown, are often encountered. 

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