Polysaccharides enzyme derivatives

L-arabinose molecules combine together in the furanose form to produce an araban. Since enzymes capable of hydrolysing pectic acid to n-galacturonic acid are known to be present in certain plant juices, and since the comparatively low temperature and slightly acid condition of plant materials would tend to favor the transformation of arabinose into the furanose form, the occurrence of the furanose structure in the polysaccharide derived from arabinose is not altogether unexpected. 

VIII. Water-insoluble Enzymes as Polysaccharide Derivatives.361... 

As already indicated, the number of polysaccharide derivatives reported is enormous, and indeed, many papers have been published on particular types, for example, O-(carboxymethyl) cellulose, and enzyme derivatives of polysaccharides. On such derivatives alone, reviews have been, or could be, written the present article must, therefore, of necessity be a condensed form restricted to the principal findings. Where reviews on particular derivatives have been published, this is indicated, and, generally, only subsequent papers are considered here. The reader may also find it useful to refer to other works that consider a number of derivatives of particular polysaccharides, such as cellulose, " chitin, starch, " and others. References to polysaccharide derivatives are now being reported annually in Specialist Periodical Reports. ... 

Introduction of an arylamino group into a polysaccharide provides diazotizable products of great utility for enzyme insolubilization, on account of the ease with which diazo groups react with a variety of amino acid side-chains, particularly phenolic ones. Many enzyme derivatives have, therefore, been prepared by use of 0-(4-aminobenzyl) cellulose (38), 0-(3-aminobenzyl)oxymethylcelluIose, and cellulose p-aminoben-zoate. However, although these polysaccharide derivatives could be expected to be widely applicable, the lower enzymic activities often ob-... 

The purpose of this Section is to complement Sections VIII-XII, as some insoluble derivatives have been produced in entirely analogous ways, but do not fall within the categories previously discussed. The principal references are summarized in Table VIII, and such derivatives have been used as controls for immunoadsorbent and related experiments,ion-exchangers, " enzyme substrates, insoluble coenzymes, insoluble, biologically active materials, " and determination of the capacities of polysaccharide derivatives for general insolubilization, "... 

Uragami U, AketaT, Gobodani S, Sugihara M (1986), New method, for enzyme immobilization by a polyion complex membrane , Polym. Bill., 15,101-106. Uragami T (1998), Structures and properties of membranes from polysaccharide derivatives. In Polysaccharides, Structural Diversity and Functional Versatility, Ed. by Dumitrium S. Marcel Dekker, pp. 887-924. 

In accordance with the view that puromycin inhibits synthesis of the core protein, it was expected that pretreatmont with the inhibitor would lead to depletion of the endogenous protein acceptor and, consequently, that xylosyl transfer by an enzyme preparation from puromycin-treated cartilage should be decreased. However, the incorporation of xylose was only slightly lower than in the normal control, although protein synthesis was inhibited close to 90% in the minced cartilage from which the enzyme was derived. The implications of these results are not immediately obvioas, but it should be kept in mind that the protein acceptor, to which xylose is transferred under these in vitro conditions, has not been positively identified as the protein moiety of the protein polysaccharide. The possibility... 

Applications of sol-gel-processed interphase catalysts. Chemical Reviews, 102, 3543-3578. Pierre, A.C. (2004) The sol-gel encapsulation of enzymes. Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, 22, 145-170. Shchipunov, Yu.A. (2003) Sol-gel derived biomaterials of silica and carrageenans. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 268, 68-76. Shchipunov Yu.A. and Karpenko T.Yu. (2004) Hybrid polysaccharide-silica nanocomposites prepared by the sol-gel technique. Langmuir, 20, 3882-3887. 

Shchipunov, Yu.A., Karpenko, T.Yu., Bakunina, I.Yu., Burtseva, Yu.V. and Zvyagintseva, T.N. (2004) A new precursor for the immobilization of enzymes inside sol-gel derived hybrid silica nanocomposites containing polysaccharides. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods, 58, 25-38. 

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