Enzyme activity lead sensitivity

Since in the case of using immobilised enzymes (acylase enzyme resin [27,45, 47]), normally only a small decrease in the particle diameter leads to a distinct decrease in the enzyme activity, the more sensitive enzyme activity has to be taken as the measure of stress. 

For bio-transformation processes, immobilised enzymes are often used because their activity persists over a longer period of time than that of free enzymes. The reduction of enzyme activity in enzymatic reactors is a consequence of energy dissipation by sparging and stirring, which is required for instance for oxygen transport or realisation of constant reaction conditions as regards temperature and pH. In the other hand low and high pH-values leads also to a decrease of enzyme activity and increase the stress sensitivity. 

When repeated doses of a drug are given, tolerance to the drug may arise if it affects its own disposition or response. Enzyme activities can be enhanced, which leads to an increased capacity for metabolism (e.g. patients on chronic therapy with barbiturates metabolise the drugs more rapidly than patients who have not previously taken the drugs). Alternatively, the receptor sensitivity may be modified so that the effect of a particular concentration of a drug is reduced after chronic use (e.g. the sedative effects of benzodiazepines). 

Other minor enzyme systems can be used, such as P-galactosidase (5). This system works well. However, it can lead to some false-positive problems resulting from endogenous enzymes which have a similar reactivity (6). Another enzyme not commonly used is glucose oxidase. A glucose oxidase system can provide a sensitive and specific assay if other endogenous enzyme activity is a problem. 

As shown, virtually complete retention of enzyme activity was achieved indicating that the mixing procedure and release from the polymer does not lead to enzyme deactivation. However, whether more sensitive proteins can also be incorporated without loss of activity still needs to be determined. 

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