Environmental issues bioremediation

Environmental issues are driving several aspects of biotechnology. Sites contaminated by toxic wastes can be cleaned by several alternative methods, but all are expensive. The most certain way to remove toxic materials from soil is to excavate it for incineration, but this requires much labor, energy, and money. Bioremediation in situ tends to be much less expensive on one hand but is slow and uncer-... 

Bioremediation of sites that are contaminated with toxic metals is an important issue in environmental restoration. Bacteria have long been known for their ability to Itake up metals from their immediate environment (Borrok and Fein 2004). The efficiency of bacterial cells in concentrating metals is related to their large surface area-to-volume ratio and high surface density of charge. The cell surfaces of all bacteria are negatively... 

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