Environmental exposure infectious agents

Examples of Specific Occupational, Environmental, and Personal Exposures Infectious Agents... 

Even though exposure to environmental agents such as agricultural chemicals, pesticides, and radiation has been associated with leukemia, none of these agents is linked conclusively with the development of leukemia. An increased frequency of ALL is associated with higher socioeconomic status. It is postulated that less social contact in early infancy and thus a late exposure to some common infectious agents may have some impact.7 In most individual instances, there is no reasonable or obvious explanation for the development of leukemia. 

This chapter reviewed current research pertaining to selected environmental agents and autoimmune diseases (Table 25.3). Other infectious agents (e.g., parvovirus, varicella), occupational exposures (e.g., mercury), dietary factors (dietary supplements, nutrients such as antioxidants, and specific proteins in wheat and other grains implicated in celiac disease), and stress have been the focus of additional research that was not included in this review. 

Important exogenous factors that contribute to induction of cancer include natural and synthetic chemicals, environmental exposures to ultraviolet and medical radiation, diet and lifestyle, and infectious agents, such as viruses, parasites, and bacteria. Evidence for a causal association between exogenous factors and neoplasia is derived from studies of epidemiology, occupationally common cancers, and animal models. 

The best view we have from twin studies is that schizophrenia results from both genetic and shared-environment etiological influences, with shared environment meaning classical postnatal environmental factors plus prenatal environmental factors, such as exposure to infectious agents, macro- or micronutrient dietary characteristics, and exposure to environmental toxins, teratogens, and other assaults to the prenatal environment.22 Which factors and assaults are important can differ from one individual to another for reasons still unknown. Schizophrenia is not a simple puzzle. 

The first libraries to be reported were on the eastern oyster, C. virginica, from hemocytes and embryos with the aim of identifying transcripts involved in the stress response for use as bioindicators of exposure to environmental pollutants and to toxic and infectious agents (Jenny et al., 2002). This was... 

PLH and where lymphoid aggregates without follicles may predominate (82), congenital immune deficiency syndromes such as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, collagen vascular diseases (particularly rheumatoid arthritis), prolonged exposure to certain environmental agents such as polyethylene flock, and infectious and obstructive pneumonias including localized infections (10,81,83-89). It can also occur as an idiopathic finding (88). 

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