Envelopes, defined

The experiment could be repeated at a number of different temperatures and initial pressures to determine the shape of the two-phase envelope defined by the bubble point line and the dew point line. These two lines meet at the critical point, where it is no longer possible to distinguish between a compressed gas and a liquid. 

Fig. 3. Development of plastic layer movement during coking (a), about midway in coking cycle (b), convergence of plastic envelope and (c), end of coking cycle. The thick, dark, soHd line represents the plastic envelope, defining the boundary between coal and semicoke and M represents the plasticized...

The operating envelope defines the physical requirements, dimensions, and type of coupling needed in a specific application. The envelope information should include shaft sizes, orientation of shafts, required horsepower, full-range of operating torque, speed ramp rates, and any other data that would directly or indirectly affect the coupling. 

Figure 7.22 The NMR-MOUSE (a) Schematic. The NMR sensor consists of an u-shaped permanent magnet with a solenoidal rf coil placed in the gap. (b) Photo of the NMR-MOUSE testing a tyre, (c) Example of a train of successive Hahn echoes generated according to Carr, Purcell, Meiboom and Gill (CPMG echo train) for carbon-black filled SBR measured by the NMR-MOUSE. The time constant of the echo-envelope defines T...

Solvent flattening A density modification technique useful when a unit cell contains a high proportion of solvent, as is found in macromolecular structures, which may be 50% or more solvent. An envelope defining the approximate boundary of the molecule is determined from the electron-density map, and all electron density outside this envelope is set to the average value. The usefulness of the method increases as the fraction of solvent in the unit cell increases. 

The envelop defined at this level of aggregation is delimited by the overall superstructure (see figure 6.1). The streams of mass and heat are given by ( ) the feed streams entering the structure (n) the product and side streams leaving the structure and Hi) all heat transferred to the structure. 

The envelope defined by A, B, C, and D in Fig. 6.70 represents the most thermally optimized use of a gas turbine in a cogeneration application (i.e., provides the lowest FCP). Operation along the line CE, DF, or any intermediate point to the left of line CD represents the nse of condensing steam turbine power generation with the E and F points appUcable for combined-cycle operation without any heat supplied to process.Thus, the cycles along line EF are combined cycles providing power alone. 

An IMF is a function that satisfies two conditions i) in the whole dataset, the number of extrema and the number of zero crossings must either be equal or differ at most by one ii) at any point, the mean value of the envelope defined by the local maxima and the envelope defined by the local minima is zero. The EMD extracts the first IMF by the following sifting process (Liu et al. 2006) ... 

The decay time local envelope defines the bandwidth of the formant at -6 dB and the rise time the skirtwidth of the formant at -40 dB. The relationships are as follows the longer the decay, the sharper the resonance peak, and the longer the rise time, the narrower the skirtwidth. Reference values for singing sounds are approximately 7 milliseconds for the rise time and 3 milliseconds for the decay time. 

Fig. 5.32 Envelopes defining crazing and yield for an amorphous polymer undergoing plane stress deformation. (After Sternstein and Ongchin (1969), ACS Polymer Reprints, 19, 1117.)...

Fig. 5.32 Envelopes defining crazing and yield for an amorphous polymer undergoing plane stress deformation.

The third criterion evaluates whether the plant can be operated within the opierating envelope defined by the technical specifications. Both this criterion arid the fourth criterion call for a deterministic assessment of reactor safety by comparing potential plant conditions with existing safety analyses. The technical specifications provide the safety limits and limiting operational configurations. Challenging safety limits as a result of an identified issue would normally require corrective or compensatory action prior to restart. 

In early 1988, a Technical Specification improvement program (TSIP) (Reference 1) was initiated. The program was modelled after the Nuclear Regulatory Commission s (NRC) TSIP program. The goal of this program was to develop specifications for systems and equipment based upon observable parameters that preserve the operating envelope defined in the safety analyses. 

Reactor Module Envelope Dimensions are based on the spaceship stowed configuration within a five meter fairing and the requirement to remain within the cone angle of the shield. These considerations were captured in the envelope defined by NGST and described in Figure 5-3,... 

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