Enteral nutrition infectious

Enteral nutrition formulas (especially hyperosmotic formulas) Infectious... 

Parenteral nutrition can be a lifesaving therapy in patients with intestinal failure, but the oral or enteral route is preferred when providing nutrition support ( when the gut works, use it ). Compared with PN, enteral nutrition generally is associated with fewer infectious complications (e.g., pneumonia, intraabdominal abscess, and catheter-related infections) and potentially improved outcomes.1-3 However, if used in appropriate patients (i.e., patients with questionable intestinal function or when the intestine cannot be used), PN can be used safely and effectively and may improve nutrient delivery.4 Indications for PN are listed in Table 97-1.1... 

Enteral nutrition (EN) is associated with fewer infectious complications than parenteral nutrition (PN). 

BPS certification has been formally recognized by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, the American Pharmaceutical Association, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Ordre des Pharmaciens du Quebec, the Society of Infectious Disca.ses Pharmacists, and the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. 

The gastrointestinal (Gl) tract defends the host from toxins and antigens by both immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms, collectively referred to as the gut barrier function. Whenever possible, enteral nutrition (EN) is preferred over parenteral nutrition (PN) because it is as effective, may reduce metabolic and infectious complications, and is less expensive. 

Petrov MS, Van Santvoort HC, Besselink MGH, Van Der Heijden GJMG, Windsor JA, Gooszen HG. Enteral nutrition and the risk of mortality and infectious complications in patients with severe acute pancreatitis a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Arch Surg 2008 143 1111-7. 

Among functional alterations in patients with infectious diarrhea are increased secretion, failure of barrier function and reduction of absorptive function causing dehydration and nutritional deficiency. An understanding of the molecular pathogenesis with regard to each enteric pathogen will likely lead to a quicker diagnosis, more effective treatment and prevention of enteric infections. 

Lactic acid bacteria based fermented products have a long reputation for being positively beneficial to humans, particularly linked with fermented milk such as nutritional improvement of foods, inhibition of enteric pathogens, hypocholestaemic action, anticancer activity, and stimulation of the immune system (Adams and Moss 1995). Similarly, phenolic phytochemicals have potential for regulation and chemopre-vention of oxidative and infectious diseases (Shetty 1999). 

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