Engineered viruses

LaComme, C., Pogue, G.P., Wilson, T.M.A., and Santa Cruz, S. (2001). Plant viruses as gene expression vectors. In Genetically Engineered Viruses, ed. C.J.A. Ring, E.D. Blair, 59-99. Oxford, UK BIOS Sci. 

Polymeric nanoaggregates are the result of self-assembly of block copolymers. For example, PEO-b-PAA on reaction with EDC methiodide undergoes self-association to form short rods, vesicles, encapsulated spheres and long fibers. The attachment of nanotubes and microdots to engineered viruses is also mediated using EDC. ... 

Analysis of the Z8 peptide engineered virus demonstrated preferential growth of ZnS particles oriented in the [001] direction perpendicular to the viral surface. Alternatively, the shorter A7 peptide sequence resulted in high density layers of ZnS (8-16 quantum dots per 10 nm of virus) particles due to... 

A genetically engineered virus applied to a field will still be detectable several years later. 

Innoculation of whole silkworms with engineered virus... 

It has been shown recently that engineered viruses can recognize specific semiconductor surfaces using the method of selection by combinatorial phage display Whaley R, English DS, Hu EL, Barbara PF, Belcher AM (2000) Nature 405 665... 

Lee SW Mao CB, Flynn CE, Belcher AM Ordering of quantum dots using genetically engineered viruses. Science 2002, 296(5569) 892—895. 

Lee SW, Mao C, Hynn CE, Belcher AM (2002) Ordering of Quantum Dots Using Genetically Engineered Viruses. Science 296 892-895... 

Genetically engineered viruses Adenovirus, adeno-provide a highly evolved associated virus, retro-method of inserting genetic virus, lentivirus material (DNA or RNA) into mammalian cells... 

Toxin diversity may be advantageous in several respects. It serves the venomous predator to the extent that an advantageous mutation in one toxin receptor (i.e., one that confers resistance to the toxin) is not likely to result in resistance to the venom, since additional toxins acting on different receptors would be present in the venom. In other words, genes for several toxin receptors are not likely to be altered in a short length of evolutionary time. This minimizes the chance that individuals in the prey population will become resistant to the venom. Similarly, an engineered virus formulation which expresses several toxins aimed at different sites of action might also be less likely to select resistant insects. 

Several approaches can be taken to improve the insecticidal properties of AcAalT, and these approaches should be applicable to most other genetically engineered viruses. Figure 3 shows a flow chart indicating four routes of research which may ultimately lead to more effective baculovirus insecticides. 

LT50 data for AcNPV expressing JHE (AcJHE is AcUW2(B)JHE 43), or modified JHE (AcJHE3 see text) compared to the wild type, non-engineered virus (AcNPV). 

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