Engine lubricants frictional wear

Lubrication, a part of tribology created by the UK scientist H. Peter lost in his famous lost Report submitted to the government in 1966, refers to the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion and their associated subjects and practice [1]. Tribology is regarded as an aspect of mechanical engineering and includes lubrication, friction, wear, erosion, and corrosion [2]. Friction and lubrication have attracted attention all over the world, especially in the industrial and... 

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Research Group on Wear of Engineering Materials, Friction, Wear and Lubrication Terms and Definitions, February 1968. 

Tribology is the branch of science and engineering of surfaces in relative motion. Included are issues of friction, wear, and lubrication of surfaces. Modem technology has enabled the study of these characteristics in a number of different ways. These studies have given rise to a new branch atomic-scale tribology. This branch deals with issues and processes from atomic/molecular scale to microscale. These... 

The basic processes of dissolution, acid-base interaction, micellization, solubilization, oxidation and reduction take place in oil formulation. During engine operation, additives of the lubricant interact continuously with engine surfaces and themselves. Thus, there is a progressive change in the surface due to the lubrication, friction, and wearing processes, tribofilm formation, and oxidation. All these processes are presented and discussed throughout this book. Surfactant additives are fundamental to reverse micelles (RMs) formation in oil... 

Kragelsky, I.V. and V.V. Alisin, Eds., Tribology - Lubrication, Friction, and Wear, Professional Engineering Publishing Limited, London, 2001. 

Friction is the tangential resistance offered to the sliding of one solid over another, due to dry friction. Friction is an apparently simple phenomenon with very complex mechanisms that take place on a variety of length scales, from atomic to nano and up. The study of friction is part of the engineering-scientific discipline of tribology,3 which is the scientific study of friction, wear, and lubrication (6). It was Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) who discovered the first two laws of friction, namely, that the area of contact has no effect on friction and that friction is proportional to the load. These two laws were rediscovered later by Guillaume Amontons (1663-1705), and later Charles-Augustin Coulomb (1736-1806), added the third law ... 

Schroeder, M.O. Biotribology Articular Cartilage Friction, Wear, and Lubrication, M.S. thesis, Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, July 1995. 

Hutchings, I. M., Ed., Friction, Lubrication and Wear of Artificial Joints, Professional Engineering Publ., Bury St. Edmunds, 2003. 

Tribology trI- ba-lo-je (1966) n. The engineering science that deals with friction, wear, and lubrication of surfaces sliding or rolling on one another, and the design of systems and components, such as gears and bearings, in which these actions are involved. 

The other surface-active chemical components include antiwear additives, friction modifiers, and antifoam additives [15]. The functions of these other lubricant additives, as their names imply, are quite different from these two surfactants. For example, antiwear additives, such as zinc dial-kyldithiophosphates, are used to prevent wear on engine parts friction modifiers, such as glycerol monooleate, are used to reduce boundary friction in engine operation to improve fuel economy antifoam additives such as polymethylsiloxane are used to inhibit foam formation. Excessive foam formation in lubricants can cause inadequate oil supply to certain parts of the engine and a high rate of oil loss. 

E.E. Bisson, R. L. Johnson, and W. J. Anderson, "Friction and Lubrication with Solid Lubricants at Temperatures to 1000° F with Particular Reference to Graphite, Proceedings, Institute of Mechanical Engineers Conference on Lubrication and Wear, pp. 348-354 (1957). 

The section "Maintenance" cannot be considered in isolation from the problems of wear in cement works engineering. These problems belong to the science of tribology - a comprehensive term denoting the study of friction, wear and lubrication, and in general the behaviour of interacting surfaces in relative motion. 

FRICTION, WEAR, AND LUBRICATION are complex, interwoven subjects that may all affect the service life of a component or the efficient operation of a machine. While all three are important factors, the major emphasis in this Chapter will be on wear and the various methods used to reduce or prevent it, including the application of surface engineering treatments. More detailed information on the science and technology of friction, wear, and lubrication— known as tribology—can be found in Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology, Volume 18 of the ASM Handbook. 

Blunn GW, Bell CJ, Walker PS, Chaterjee S, Perry J, Cambell P, Haider H, Paul JP. Simulator testing of total knee replacements, chapter 9. In Hutchings IM, editor. Friction, lubrication and wear of artificial joints. Professional Engineering Publishing 2003. p. 113-25. ISBN 1 86058 363 6. 

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