Enforcement strategies

In general, MCOs with formulary programs use a variety of methods to enforce formulary adherence. These methods vary in their restrictions, and typically include financial incentives for both prescribers and patients. Table 43.1 lists and defines typical restriction methods, such as prior authorization and treatment limitations. Table 43.2 lists commonly used enforcement strategies and financial incentives, including switch programs, differenti-ated/tiered co-payments, and education programs. 

Kagan, R.A., and Scholz, J.T. (1984) The Criminology of the Corporation and Regulatory Enforcement Strategies , in K. Hawkins and J.M. Thomas (eds.) Enforcing Regulation. Kluwer-Nijhoff Boston. 

LEPs are enforcement strategies intended to address hazards or industries that pose a particular riskto workers. They are designed and implemented at the Regional Office or Area Office levels. 

Lewis-Beck, M. Alford, J. 1980, Can government regulate safety the coal mine example , American Political Science Review, vol. 74, pp. 745-56 Linehan, T, 1992, Enforcement strategies , Puturesafe 92 Speakers Papers, Adelaide National Safety Council of Australia Low, J, M, Griffith, G. 1993, The incidence and cost of farm injuries , unpublished paper... 

Grabosky, P., Braithwaite, J. (1986). Of Manner Gentle Enforcement Strategies of Australian Business Regulatory Agencies. Melbourne Oxford. 

U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. (1996). Building a comprehensive border enforcement strategy. U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Washington, DC. 

Fell, J. C., S. A. Ferguson, A. F. Williams and M. Fields (2003). Why are sobriety checkpoints not widely adopted as an enforcement strategy in the United States Accid. Anal Prev., 35, 897-902. 

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