Energy required for separation

For the separation of solids from liquids, filtration and sedimention can be considered. The energy required for separation can be introduced by a centrifugal field, gravity, and, in the case of filtration, by application of under- or overpressure. 

In practice, the energy requirement for separation will be many times greater than this minimum value W j. Different t) s of separation processes exist and each requires a different amount of energy. Thus, the production of fresh water from the sea, which is a very practical problem, can be performed by several commercially available separation... 

The energy required for separating a mixture is supplied by adding heat to the fluid in the still and removing heat at a lower temperature level in the condenser. The available work energy, based on an isentropic process, in the heat supplied to the liquid in the still can be calculated on the basis of the following equation ... 

Fracture energy required to separate polyurethane from a mold was studied by a blister method. It was foimd that the energy required for separation is determined by the surface roughness of a mold, the peeling rate, and the amoimt and the t5qje of release agent. 

Considerable research has been carried out to facilitate the selection of desirable configurations. A few simple heuristics are generally employed to guide the selection of a few sequences, which may be subjected to detailed analysis (King, 1980 Doherty and Malone, 2001). Consideration of the energy required for separation is very important in these deliberations. (An elementary introduction to the energy required for separation in distillation is provided in Sections 10.1.3, 10.1.4.2, 10.2.2.1 and 10.2.2.2.) We list a few simple sequencing heuristics below the rest... 

First we will illustrate the minimum energy required to separate a small amount of mixture for the following processes evaporation of water from a saline solution recovery of water by reverse osmosis separation of an ideal binary gas mixture by membrane permeation. Then we will consider the definition of net work consumption for thermally driven processes. Next we will consider a variety of separation processes vis-k-vis their minimum energy requirement for separation. 

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