Energy photoelectron spectroscopy

ZEKE (zero kinetic energy) photoelectron spectroscopy has also been applied to negative ions [M]. In ZEKE work, the laser wavelengdi is swept tlirough photodetachment thresholds and only electrons with near-zero kinetic energy are... 

The probability of a particular vertical transition from the neutral to a certain vibrational level of the ion is expressed by its Franck-Condon factor. The distribution of Franck-Condon factors, /pc, describes the distribution of vibrational states for an excited ion. [33] The larger ri compared to ro, the more probable will be the generation of ions excited even well above dissociation energy. Photoelectron spectroscopy allows for both the determination of adiabatic ionization energies and of Franck-Condon factors (Chap. 2.10.1). 

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES, a non-mass spectral technique) [87] has proven to be very useful in providing information not only about ionization potentials, but also about the electronic and vibrational structure of atoms and molecules. Energy resolutions reported from PES are in the order of 10-15 meV. The resolution of PES still prevents the observation of rotational transitions, [79] and to overcome these limitations, PES has been further improved. In brief, the principle of zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy (ZEKE-PES or just ZEKE, also a nonmass spectral technique) [89-91] is based on distinguishing excited ions from ground state ions. 

D. -S. Yang, M. Z. Zgierski, D. M. Rayner, P. A. Hackett, A. Martinez, D. R. Salahub, P.-N. Roy, and T. Carrington Jr., J. Chem. Phys., 103, 5335 (1995). The Structure of NbjO and Nb30 Determined by Pulsed Field Ionization-Zero Electron Kinetic Energy Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory. 

In order to further experimentally probe the covalenf delocalization of metal and ligand valence orbitals in the CuCl complex, variable energy. photoelectron spectroscopy of the valence band of and CuCl has been employed. Through knowledge of... 

Table III. Percent d character in d bands of Cu(l)Cl and Cu(ll)Cl as determined by variable energy photoelectron spectroscopy and SCF-XCt -SW calculations.

Appearance energy measurements,see Ref. [50,51], calculated relative energies, photoelectron spectroscopy. 

Using zero electron kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy, the structures of Nb3N2 and its cation were assigned as C2v. The two N atoms bridge two sides of an isosceles triangle of Nb atoms.603 Similar conclusions have been drawn for the Nb3C2 system and for [M30]x (x = — 1, 0, + 1).604... 

As demonstrated by Heath et al., application of the LB technique in conjunction with semiconductor nanoparticies may lead to the generation of tunnel diodes [60]. These devices consist of a monolayer of 3.8 nm CdSe nanocrystals and an insulating bilayer of eicosanoic acid, sandwiched between an Au and an Al electrode. Advanced spectroscopic techniques such as attenuated low-energy photoelectron spectroscopy were also applied to LB-derived multilayered nanostructured assemblies of differently sized CdS particles [61]. Recent examples of applications of the LB technique... 

M. Sander, L.A. Chewier, K. MiiUer-Dethlefs, E.W. Schlag, High-resolution zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectroscopy of NO. Phys. Rev. A 36, 4543 (1987)... 

LASER-BASED PULSED FIELD IONIZATION-ZERO ELECTRON KINETIC ENERGY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY... 

Bursten and co-workers correlated a wide range of experimental data including not only electrochemical potentials but molecular orbital energies, photoelectron spectroscopy, and ionization energies however, these were focused specifically on metal carbonyls. 

Photoelectron spectroscopy investigates the intensity and energy of electrons which are removed from the valence orbital (low-energy photoelectron spectroscopy) or inner orbitals (high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy, also known as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis, ESC A), by photons. 

High-resolution zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy... 

Much higher resolution is achievable using threshold photoelectron spectroscopy (TPES). As noted in Chapter 9, the most widely used and successful (laser-based) TPES technique is generally referred to as ZEKE (zero kinetic energy) photoelectron spectroscopy (MuUer-Dethlefs and Schlag, 1998). The resolution achievable with this technique is limited only by the bandwidth of the laser used, and this is typically 0.2 cm or, in the most favourable case, 0.001 cm . ... 

I. Fischer, D.M. Villeneuve, M.J.J. Vrakking, and A. Stolow, Femtosecond Wave-Packet Dynamics Studied by Time-Resolved Zero-Kinetic Energy Photoelectron Spectroscopy , J. Chem. Phys. 102, 5566 (1995). 

Computational studies have been carried out to map the reaction mechanisms involved in the polymerization of butadiene catalyzed by complexes of the type NiCp( -phenyl)( 7 -butadiene). This study has probed the crucial steps of insertion, allylic isomerization, and if (a) — rearrangement. Variable-energy photoelectron spectroscopy... 

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