Energy efficiency excitation factor

Components of Total Energy Efficiency Excitation, Relaxation, and Chemical Factors... 

Here Xe is the coefficient of anharmonicity and B is the normalizing factor. Comparison of the parabolic-exponential Treanor distribution with the linear-exponential Boltzmann distribution is illustrated in Fig. 3-3. A population of highly vibrationally excited levels at TV > To can be many orders of magnitude higher than that predicted by the Boltzmaim distribution even at vibrational temperature. The Treanor distribntion resnlts in very high rates and energy efficiencies of chemical reactions stimulated by vibrational excitation in plasma. 

Mechanisms of stimulation of plasma-chemical reactions by electronic excitation were discussed in Section 2.5.5. No one of the four kinetic factors mentioned in Section 3.6.2 can be apphed in this case therefore, energy efficiency is relatively low, usually below 20-30%. Plasma-chemical processes through electronic excitation can be energy effective if they initiate chain reactiorrs. Such a situation takes place, for example, in NO synthesis, where the Zeldovich mechanism can be effectively initiated by dissociation of molecular oxygen through electronic excitation (see Section 6.1.2). 

The total energy efficiency of ary non-equilibrium plasma-chemical process can be subdivided into three main components an excitation factor (jjex), a relaxation factor (jjrei), and a chemical factor ( chem) ... 

The energy efficiency of the plasma-chemical processes is usually divided into three factors excitation factor relaxation factor ()]rei), and chemical factor ()]chem)- The most... 

The total energy efficiency of the considered mechanism of H2O dissociation includes three major factors the excitation factor ) ex, related to the discharge energy fraction going to vibrational excitation the relaxation factor showing the effectiveness of the dissociation... 

Total energy efficiency q) of the non-equihbrium plasma synthesis of NO from air or N2-O2 mixtures, stimulated by vibrational excitation, can be subdivided into three factors the excitation factor q x), the relaxation factor ( rei), and the chemical factor (/jchem, to be considered in the next section) ... 

Direct Photolysis. Direct photochemical reactions are due to absorption of electromagnetic energy by a pollutant. In this "primary" photochemical process, absorption of a photon promotes a molecule from its ground state to an electronically excited state. The excited molecule then either reacts to yield a photoproduct or decays (via fluorescence, phosphorescence, etc.) to its ground state. The efficiency of each of these energy conversion processes is called its "quantum yield" the law of conservation of energy requires that the primary quantum efficiencies sum to 1.0. Photochemical reactivity is thus composed of two factors the absorption spectrum, and the quantum efficiency for photochemical transformations. 

The choice of new complexes was guided by some simple considerations. The overall eel efficiency of any compound is the product of the photoluminescence quantum yield and the efficiency of excited state formation. This latter parameter is difficult to evaluate. It may be very small depending on many factors. An irreversible decomposition of the primary redox pair can compete with back electron transfer. This back electron transfer could favor the formation of ground state products even if excited state formation is energy sufficient (13,14,38,39). Taking into account these possibilities we selected complexes which show an intense photoluminescence (0 > 0.01) in order to increase the probability for detection of eel. In addition, the choice of suitable complexes was also based on the expectation that reduction and oxidation would occur in an appropriate potential range. 

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