Energy conversion source

Lasers act as sources and sometimes as amplifiers of coherent k—uv radiation. Excitation in lasers is provided by external particle or photon pump sources. The high energy densities requked to create inverted populations often involve plasma formation. Certain plasmas, eg, cadmium, are produced by small electric discharges, which act as laser sources and amplifiers (77). Efforts that were dkected to the improvement of the energy conversion efficiencies at longer wavelengths and the demonstration of an x-ray laser in plasma media were successful (78). 

Electrochemical power sources differ from others, such as thermal power plants, by the fact that the energy conversion occurs without any intermediate steps for example, in the case of thermal power plants fuel is first converted in thermal energy, and finally electric power is produced using generators. In the case of electrochemical power sources this otherwise multistep process is achieved directly in only one step. As a consequence, electrochemical systems show some advantages, such as energy efficiency. 

Chemical energy conversion has potential to realize efficient energy usage. It is important to find appropriate reversible chemical reaction for the temperature range of subjected energy source. Every reaction would have possibility to develop every original energy conversion process. Not only to find new reaction system, but also to improve proposed reaction is key point for the... 

Source After Ordin, P.M., A review of hydrogen accidents and incidents in NASA operations, 9th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, ASME, New York, 1974. 

T. Ohta (1994) Energy technology sources, systems and frontier conversion p. 191-196 Pergamon, Oxford... 

As against this, fuel cells contain only the means for energy conversion. The chemical reactants, or fuel (principally hydrogen or hydrocarbons and oxygen), are supplied from an external source (Fig. 6.8b). 

The scope of this chapter is to present a concise and fundamental overview of the relationship between modem catalysis and chemical reaction engineering through one of the topics that will certainly be present among the future directions in both fields production of hydrogen fuel from fossil and renewable energy sources and its use in the fuel cells-based energy conversion technology. 

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