Energy conversion factors, table

Of particular practical interest are the general energy conversion factors (Lewis and Randall, 1970) presented in table A1.4. 

Clausius/Clapeyron equation, 182 Coefficient of performance, 275-279, 282-283 Combustion, standard heat of, 123 Compressibility, isothermal, 58-59, 171-172 Compressibility factor, 62-63, 176 generalized correlations for, 85-96 for mixtures, 471-472, 476-477 Compression, in flow processes, 234-241 Conservation of energy, 12-17, 212-217 (See also First law of thermodynamics) Consistency, of VLE data, 355-357 Continuity equation, 211 Control volume, 210-211, 548-550 Conversion factors, table of, 570 Corresponding states correlations, 87-92, 189-199, 334-343 theorem of, 86... 

The present third edition has been substantially revised and extended with new sections (e.g. on uncertainty) compared to the second edition. The most accurate recent fundamental physical constants and atomic masses are tabulated. The symbol as well as the subject index has been extended considerably to facilitate the usage of the Green Book. A table of numerical energy conversion factors is given and the most recent lUPAC periodic table of the elements is given on the inside back cover. 

In this text, the symbols H+ and e generally used by chemists are adopted as symbols for the proton and electron, rather than p and e, respectively, as recommended by IUPAC. The symbol e represents the elementary charge the charge of the electron is c, that of the proton is e. In chemical schemes these charges will be represented by and 0, respectively. Some fundamental physical quantities and energy conversion factors are given in Tables 8.1 and 8.2. 

Table 1.1 Energy Conversion Factors between Non-SI (Traditional) and SI Units for the BDEs...

Table A.4 Energy conversion factors. Numerical values rounded to four significant digits the numbers in parentheses denote ...

Poenaru, D. N. and W. Greiner. 1996. Handbook of Nuclear Properties. Oxford Studies in Nuclear Physics 17. Oxford, U.K./New York Oxford University Press. This handbook begins with information on atomic masses and shell model interpretations of nnclear masses. Additional information inclndes nnclear deformations and nnclear stability. Tables on fundamental constants, energy conversion factors, particle properties, alpha-particle emitters, and a table of nuclides are also included. 

Table A 1.2 Energy Conversion Factors and Equivalents Appendix 1... 

Tables C. 1-C.4 provide conversion factors from a.u. to SI units and a variety of practical (thermochemical, crystallographic, spectroscopic) non-SI units in common usage. Numerical values are quoted to six-digit precision (though many are known to higher accuracy) in an abbreviated exponential notation, whereby 6.022 14(23) means 6.022 14 x 1023. In this book we follow a current tendency of the quantum chemical literature by expressing relative energies in thermochemical units (kcal mol-1), structural parameters in crystallographic Angstrom units (A), vibrational frequencies in common spectroscopic units (cm-1), and so forth. These choices, although inconsistent according to SI orthodoxy, seem better able to serve effective communication between theoreticians and experimentalists.

Table 1.3 gives some commonly used non-SI units for certain quantities, together with conversion factors relating them to SI units. We use these in some examples and problems, except for the calorie unit of energy. This last, however, is frequently encountered. 

In this book we deal mainly with stationary states, their energies, and matrix elements. Unless otherwise stated, we use the wave number (cm-1) as a measure of the energy. The conversion factors with other units are shown in Table 0.2. 

Although SI is the internationally accepted system of measurement in science, other units are encountered. Useful conversion factors are found in Table 1-4. For example, common non-SI units for energy are the calorie (cal) and the Calorie (with a capital C, which stands for 1 000 calories, or 1 kcal). Table 1-4 states that 1 cal is exactly 4.184 J (joules). 

Table 1.1 Conversion factors between radiation frequency and wavenumber, photon energy, and the corresponding energy per moie...

The requirements set out in this publication and taken mainly from the report on the Nutrient Requirements of Poultry (NRC, 1994) are based on ME (AME), expressed as kilocalories (kcal) or megacalories (Meal)/kg feed. This energy system is used widely in North America and in many other countries. Energy units used in some countries are based on joules (J), kilojoules (kj) or megajoules (MJ). A conversion factor can be used to convert calories to joules, i.e. IMeal = 4.184 MJ 1MJ = 0.239 Meal and 1MJ = 239 kcal. Therefore, the tables of feedstuff composition in this publication show ME values expressed as MJ or kj as well as keal/kg. 

The energy requirements of the three sections (using the modified Neumann model for the iodine section) are gathered in Table 1. Using a heat to electricity conversion factor of 50%, they correspond to a cycle thermal efficiency of 39.3%. 

---