Energy conversion, chemomechanical

It is well known that polyelectrolyte gels swell, shrink or bend when DC electric current is applied [169]. These properties of gels are applicable for the construction of chemomechanical devices, artificial muscles, energy conversion systems etc. [170]. Osada and co-workers [171] have constructed an eel-like gel actuator on the basis of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) and studied its chemomechanical properties. Polyampholyte gel is bent to the cathode or anode side if it has predominantly negative or positive charges along the macromolecules (Fig. 39) [172]. As seen from Fig. 39, the amplitude of deflection is gradually decreased with the approach to the lEP. This is probably due to... 

This chapter deals with the photochemistry of alkenes, alkynes, dienes, polyenes, and related compounds through a choice of the literature published during the period January 2010 — December 2011. Furthermore, recently many researchers are developing the photochemistry of these compounds for energy conversion, e.g. through nanotechnology applications, such as molecular devices, chemomechanics, molecular switches, etc. This chapter also covers the nanotechnology aspects that are based upon the utilization of isomerization/electrocyclization/cycloaddition reactions of the title compounds. 

Our book Macromolecular Chemistry presents from the theoretical and experimental point of view the main problems of this field, including the results obtained in more than a century of research. It is organised in two volumes Polymer Mechanochemistry and Polymers with Chemomechanical Functions, respectively. The present volume (which is in two parts) deals with Chained Multistage Character of Mechanochemical Process (1), Mechanochemistry of Polymers Deformation (2) Mechanochemistry of Polymer Fracture (including also the Fracture of Composite Materials) (3), and Mechanochemical processes for Energy Conversion (4). In this framework, the theoretic and experimental material is organised in correlation to the reaction mechanism, the type of mechanical solicitation, and the nature of environmental medium. 

Chemomechanical Systems for Energy Conversion SISTEMS WITH SELF-ORGANIZATION... 

Chemomechanical Systems for Energy Conversion Table 4.5. Some of environmental stimuli applied to the smart polymers [113]... 

Conversion of Mechanical Into Chemical Energy (Reverse Chemomechanical System)... 

These results indicate that the free energy of phase transition from ordered to disordered structure is changed by the application of external stress and this can be considered as a good example of the conversion of mechanical to chemical potential energy (reverse chemomechanical system). 

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