ENERGY CONVERSION AREA

Nuclear Island, Energy Conversion Area, and Interfacing Systems... 

The design description is focused on the Nuclear Island portion of the plant with the interfaces with the remainder of the plant (hereafter referred to as the Energy Conversion Area) and a standard site identified. The Nuclear Island is considered to be that portion of the plant that has within its boundaries the standard reactor modules and "safety-related" (as defined in Section 3.2) buildings, structures, systems and components dedicated to assuring reactor... 

Another modification to the guidance provided by Regulatory Guide 1.70 is the clear distinction given to structures, systems and components within the Nuclear Island as opposed to those in the Energy Conversion Area (see Section 1.6). The discussion of the latter systems, which have no radionuclide control functions, is limited to a functional description and an identification of interfaces with the Nuclear Island. 

Are the interfaces between the Standard MHTGR Nuclear Island and the Energy Conversion Area and the Site appropriately identified and character i2 ed ... 

The Energy Conversion Area is that portion of the plant not included within the Nuclear Island. 

Each Nuclear Island system described in the following Chapters of the PSID contains a discussion of interfaces with other systems and subsystems, and interface requirements. Energy Conversion Area Systems, Section 9.2 and Chapter 10, specifically discuss interfaces with the Nuclear Island and safety consequences, if any, from that interface. 

NUCLEAR ISLAND, ENERGY CONVERSION AREA, AND INTERFACING SYSTEMS... 

The Standard MHTGR plant is broken up into two major areas a Nuclear Island containing the four reactor modules and the Energy Conversion Area containing the two turbine generators. All "safety-related" structures, systems, and components are contained within the Nuclear Island portion of the plant. 

In the industrial arena, the term power generation most typically refers to the production of electrical or mechanical power via any of several energy conversion processes. Early examples of practical power generation devices include water-wheel-powered mills for grinding grain, which were reportedly used as early as 100 BC in the Balkans and areas of the Middle East, and wind-powered mills, which were widely used as early as the tenth century in the Middle East. 

As the fluid flows over the forward part of the sphere, the velocity increases because the available flow area decreases, and the pressure decreases as a result of the conservation of energy. Conversely, as the fluid flows around the back side of the body, the velocity decreases and the pressure increases. This is not unlike the flow in a diffuser or a converging-diverging duct. The flow behind the sphere into an adverse pressure gradient is inherently unstable, so as the velocity (and lVRe) increase it becomes more difficult for the streamlines to follow the contour of the body, and they eventually break away from the surface. This condition is called separation, although it is the smooth streamline that is separating from the surface, not the fluid itself. When separation occurs eddies or vortices form behind the body as illustrated in Fig. 11-1 and form a wake behind the sphere. 

Manipulating surface states of semiconductors for energy conversion applications is one problem area common to electronic devices as well. The problem of Fermi level pinning by surface states with GaAs, for example, raises difficulties in the development of field effect transistors that depend on the... 

---