Energy, conservation and coupling

The energy conservation and time-reversibility of the obtained propagation scheme is tested by perfoming a simulation of a quantum oscillator coupled to a classical bath consisting of 79 argon atoms. The RPS guarantees an improved... 

The coupled reaction concept adequately illustrates the principle of energy conservation and utilization in living cells. However, the actual mechanisms of energy coupling in living cells seldom involve the simultaneous catalysis of two reactions. Instead, the net effect is generally obtained by catalyzing two... 

Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain how the mechanism of energy conservation is coupled to electron transport (the energy transduction system) the chemical, conformational, and chemiosmotic hypotheses. 

There are two classes of nitrite reductases those involved in denitrification, which reduce nitrite to gaseous nitrogen oxides and the assimilatory and dis-similatory enzymes, which reduce nitrite directly to ammonia [125, 126]. Two types of denitrifying enzymes have been described, those containing hemes c and dx and those which contain only copper. There are also two kinds of as-similatory/dissimilatory enzymes the siroheme containing nitrite reductases like that of E. coli, which is used for detoxification of nitrite from the cytoplasm and is not coupled to energy conservation and the heme c nitrite reductases, which are usually coupled to energy conservation [127]. This last type of nitrite reductase is that usually associated with strict anaerobes, so only this one will be discussed in more detail. 

Numerical simulations of the structure of multidimensional detonations have been carried out by Taki and Fujiwara (19) and by Oran et al. (20). Because of the expense involved in these simulations, both groups used a phenomenological model meant to describe the basic features of energy release, and coupled this to a solution of the conservation equations for the fluid dynamics. 

Three mechanisms have been identified in the metabolic dechlorination of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon. Metabolic processes are coupled to energy conservation and, as a result, are interpreted to be beneficial to the dechlorinating microorganisms. These include... 

Demirel, Y, 2012. Energy Production, Conversion, Storage, Conservation, and Coupling. Springer, London. Demirel, Y., 2006a. Sep. Sci. Technol. 41, 791. 

In recent years considerable emphasis has been placed on energy conservation and environmental pollution control. As discussed earlier, the former problem is likely to be solved, at least in part, by the introduction or wider use of more efficient fuels such as biomass or nuclear fuel, coupled with more controlled application of what is at present waste heat from chemical reactions. This is now more than ever possible because of the improved and improving design of heat pumps, boilers, heat exchangers, etc., the use of which is more nearly optimized by computer control. Emissions of gaseous pollutants have been decreasing in recent years by improved methods of condensation, adsorption. 

Through this ETC coupled ATP synthesis, both energy conservation and redox homeostasis is achieved which is essential to the physiological stability of bacteria. 

Variable drive fluid couplings (see Section 8.4.1(2)) These may not prove to be as effective from the point of view of energy conservation, as the motor will always be running at its rated speed and engagement of the coupling alone will vary the output speed. 

Although energy conservation constraints dictate which VP channels are open, it is the nature of the intermolecular interactions, the density of states and the coupling strengths between the states that ultimately dictate the nature of the dynamics and the onset of IVR. These factors are dependent on the particular combinations of rare gas atom and dihalogen molecule species constituting the complex. For example, Cline et al. showed that, in contrast to He Bra, Av = 2 VP in the He Cla and Ne Cla complexes proceeds via a direct... 

A spray is a turbulent, two-phase, particle-laden jet with droplet collision, coalescence, evaporation (solidification), and dispersion, as well as heat, mass and momentum exchanges between droplets and gas. In spray modeling, the flow of gas phase is simulated typically by solving a series of conservation equations coupled with the equations for spray process. The governing equations for the gas phase include the equations of mass, momentum and energy... 

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