Energetic electron beams

Auger Another popular technique for thin film analysis is called Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). In this technique, an energetic electron beam (up to 10 keV) is used to probe a surface. The energetic electron can... 

The experimental configuration is shown in Fig. 1. The EBIT uses an intense and mono-energetic electron beam which is magnetically confined to trap and ionize charged ions. Metal ion species such as vanadium are created by a metal vapour vacuum arc (MEVVA) and are sequentially ionized as they enter the trap region of the electron beam. The NIST EBIT and spectra are described in further detail elsewhere [13,14]. 

Fine structure in ionization-efficiency curves may be detected using nearly mono-energetic electron beams (J. H. Collins et al., 1968, for leading references) but special ion sources are required and signal-to-noise... 

Fig. 27. Signals generated through the interaction of an energetic electron beam and a thin specimen...

GC/MS analyses most often employ one of two complementary ionization processes, electron ionization (El) or chemical ionization (Cl). This is because both El and Cl are gas phase ionization phenomena and are therefore well suited to interface with a separation technique (GC) that is also accomplished in the gas phase. The extractables profiles shown in Figs. 3-5 along with the Abietic Acid GC/MS analysis shown in Fig. 1, were acquired using GC/MS with El. The El ionization process is based on the interaction of an energetic electron beam (70 eV) with neutral analyte molecules in the gas phase, producing a radical cation, or molecular ion (M+ ) that can undergo fragmentation in the gas phase after redistribution of excess... 

Electron affinity, energy between the most stable state of an anion in an electronic state and the most stable state of the neutra molecule. The maximum in the absorption spectra of negative ions. Formation of an anion by the impact of energetic electron beams. Electron capture detector. 

EEED Eow Energy Electron Diffraction Surface Mono-energetic electron beam 10-1000 eV Diffracted electrons 0.4-2 nm <6 pm Crystallographic structure of surface resolution 0.01 nm 36... 

Instead of ionizing with an energetic electron beam, chemical ionization occurs via ion-molecule reactions. The ion, often referred to as a reagent ion, reacts with a sample molecule by transferring a proton or by abstracting an H" or an electron, which imparts a -t-1 charge to the sample molecule. 

When an energetic electron beam impinges upon a (high-Z) material, X-rays in a broad wavelength band are emitted. This radiation is called Bremsstrahlung as it is released during the sudden deceleration of the primary electrons, as a result of their interaction with the electrons of the lattice atoms in the target. At each colli-... 

Mono-energetic electron beam 10-1000 eV Electron beam at grazing angle 5-50 keV High energy electrons usually -30 keV High energy electrons typically 300 keV... 

It should be noted that the time required to produce ionic species is related to the speed of the energetic electron beam and the size of the analyte molecules. When the electron beam is supplied at 70 eV, it is estimated that the ionization time in El is within the sub-femtosecond to low femtosecond range [13, 14]. However, the residence time of the... 

Source Energetic electron beam Nuclear reactor of pulsed reaction... 

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