Endofullerenes

Rubsam M, Sohweitzer P and Dinse K-P 1996 Rotational dynamios of metallo-endofullerenes J. Phys. Chem. 100 19310... 

Diener MD, Bolskar RD, Alford JM (2002) Redox properties and purification of endohedral metallofullerenes. In Akasaka T, Nagase S (eds.) Endofullerenes a new family of carbon clusters. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 133-151. 

Wang T, Chen N, Xiang J et al (2009) Russian-doll-type metal carbide endofullerene synthesis, isolation, and characterization of Sc4C2 Cgo. J Am Chem Soc 131 16646-16647 Chen N, Chaur MN, Moore C et al (2010) Synthesis of a new endohedral fullerene family, Sc2S C2n (n = 40-50) by the introduction of SO2. Chem Commun 46 4818 820... 

T. Akasaka, S. Nagase,(Eds.), Endofullerenes A New Family of Carbon Clusters, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. 

Our calculations show that the endofullerenes CH4 C6oH36 and He4 C6oH36 have similar properties. For both systems, the structure of symmetry T, in which the C-H bonds or the o-He lines (0 is the center of the He4 tetrahedron) are directed toward the centers of the hydrogenated faces [C6H6], corresponds to a PES minimum and to the most favorable orientation of the guest in the cage (Figure 1). 

Another significant change is in the intensities of IR active vibrations t of the encapsulated CH4 molecule.These vibrations for CH4 Cs4 are an order of magnitude weaker than for CH4 C6oH36 due to the contributions of the outer C-H bonds in the latter to the spectral transition probabilities. Therefore, an IR study of the host-guest interaction in hydrogenated endofullerenes should be more informative than in clusters with bare carbon cages. 

Af >4-endofullerenes including Xe4 C6oH36, which indicates that the carbon cage [C6o] is highly stable with respect to isotropic expansion. 

Table 8 Magnetic shielding constants a (Ng) and a (C ) (ppm) in endofullerenes with Ng atoms and Ng4 clusters inside C60H3g (T) and C84 (Td) cages3...

In endofullerenes L C70 with linear guest molecules L inside the prolate spheroidal C70 (Dsh) cage the pressure exerted on the guest is anisotropic and directed along the principal C5 axis. 

Endohedral metallofullerenes, which encapsulate metal atoms in a carbon cage, are now becoming one of the attractive key materials for nanotechnology. Since the determination of the endohedral structure of Y C82 in 1995 [1], various endohedral structures of metallofullerenes have been revealed by X-ray structure analysis by our group [2-9]. The obtained results improved understanding of the stability of the metallofullerene endohedral structure and stimulated creation of novel endofullerene-related materials. 

From the structural studies given in this article, it is evident that the charge density study by the MEM/Rietveld method using SR powder diffraction data is powerful for determination of the endohedral nature of metallofullerenes. There is no doubt the structural information provided greatly contributes to progress in research of endofullerenes as well as endofullerene peapod, which is the met-allofullerene-encapsulating carbon nanotube. 

Among all the endofullerenes produced to date, such species containing rare earth elements (Sc, Y, and the lanthanides) are particularly outstanding and intriguing, not only because of their... 

The most unique feature of EMFs, as distinguished from nonmetallic endofullerenes (such as N C6o) and empty fullerenes, is the strong interaction between the encaged metallic species and the fullerene cage, as represented by the electron transfer from the inner metallic species to the outer fullerene cage intramolecular charge transfer. Consequently, the EMF molecules are a type of superatom, or a type of salt, but remain undissociated in any solvent (see Figure 7.6). 

Shi, Z.Q., Wu, X., Wang, C.R. etal. (2006) Isolation and characterization of Sc2C2 Cg8 a metal-carbide endofullerene with a non-IPR carbon cage. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 45, 2107-2111. 

In general, electrochemical studies of Cg2 have been devoted to the study of its endohe-dral metallo complexes, in which metal atoms are trapped inside the fullerene cage. Part of the fascination with these molecules stems from two aspects of their electronic structures (1) Unlike noble gas endofullerenes, metallofullerenes are formed from a stable ion-pair association between a fulleride anion of charge n and a cation of charge n, which cannot escape from the anionic cage nor react with other substances outside the... 

Endofullerenes like Li C6o can further be obtained by ion implantation techniques. High- energy ions of the desired element are targeted at a thin film of fullerenes. However, the produced amounts are smaU and accordingly the analysis of products is complicated. 

Figure 2.46 Distribution of electron density in endofullerenes. It turns out that, for example, lanthanum exerts a motion within the cage (b) whereas scandium remains fixed at its position out of the cage s center (a) ( Wiley Interscience 2000).

Fullerenes may incorporate guests in their inner cavity, these compounds are called endofullerenes. 

Endofullerenes as contrasting agent in MRI with reduced side effects... 

Chapter 32 - Computational chemistry of isomeric fullerenes and endofullerenes. 

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