Endocytosis pathway

Curiel DT, Agarwal S, Romer N, Wagner E, Cotten M, Bimstiel ML, Boucher RC (1992) Gene transfer to respiratory epithelial cells via the receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. Am J Resp Cell Mol Biol 6 247-252... 

ErbacherP, Remy JS, Behr JP (1999) Gene transfer with synthetic virus-like particles via the integrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Gene Ther 6 138-145... 

Michael SI, Huang CH, Romer MU, Wagner E, Hu PC, Curiel DT (1993) Binding-incompetent adenovirus facilitates molecular conjugate-mediated gene transfer by the receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. J Biol Chem 268 6866-6869... 

Qian, Z.M., et al. 2002. Targeted drug delivery via the transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. Pharmacol Rev 54 561. 

Toxin B is an intracellularly acting cytotoxin and enters the cell via a receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway to reach the endosomes, from which the toxin is translocated to the cytoplasm (Florin and The-lestam, 1986 Henriques etal., 1987). Because of this specific mode of entry, the toxin concentration needed for intoxication of cells is low (lOOng/ml for about 4h). In contrast, Clostridium bofulinum exoenzyme C3 (23.5 kDa), which ADP-ribosylates the Rho subtype proteins RhoA, B and C only, enters the cells by a non-specific uptake process, possibly by pinocytosis. Therefore, C3 has to be applied in high concentrations (about 30 g/ml) for 24 h or longer. 

Micheal SI, Curiel DT. Strategies to achieve targeted gene delivery via the receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. Gene Ther 1994, 1, 223-232. 

Furthermore, the NM cellular uptake depends on the cell type studied [51]. The mechanisms ofNM uptake have been the subject of many studies [52], and it is now clear that different receptor-mediated endocytosis pathways can be implicated in the internalization processes of NMs, although the specific type of receptors involved vary with the cell types and NM sizes tested [53]. Xia et al. studied the uptake and toxicity of cationic NP with five different cell lines [54] and demonstrated the importance of cell-specific... 

Fig. 1. Intracellular delivery of effector molecules using bispecific antibodies. A bifunctional carrier is constructed by linking a monoclonal anti-effector antibody to a monoclonal cell-targeting antibody. A noncovalent complex forms when the effector is added and binds to its specific antibody-combining sites. The targeting antibody directs this preformed complex to a distinct receptor site on the cell membrane. Alternatively, cells can be pretreated with the bispecific antibody, allowing the empty combining sites of the cell-bound reagent to be filled by subsequently added effector molecules. Surface-localized complexes quickly enter cells via a receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. Escape of the effector from the cell vesicle system and passage into the cytosol is achieved but occurs slowly ( 24 h).

Both mechanical means and transfection reagents, among others, have been used to facilitate the cellular uptake of oligonucleotides. The application of intraluminal pressure enhances the uptake of particular oligonucleotides in vascular tissues such as carotid arteries or venous bypass grafts [14, 15]. Other approaches use chemical modifications in order to secondarily modify the nucleic acid backbone [16, 17]. In general, these modifications increase uptake through the cell membrane based on the classical receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. However, once inside the cell, most nucleic acid compounds taken up by endocytosis are ultimately trapped in the lysosomal compartment... 

Targeting by Endocytosis Pathway-Mediated LDL Receptor Using... 

TARGETING BY ENDOCYTOSIS PATHWAY-MEDIATED LDL RECEPTOR USING LMWSC DERIVATIVE... 

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