Endocrine system hypothyroidism

Endocrine system (Cushing s disease, Addison s disease, carcinoid syndrome, diabetes, hyperthyroidism. Grave s disease, hypothyroidism)... 

Medical conditions based in nearly all physiological systems can produce coincident sleep disturbances and sleep deprivation. This includes disorders of the cardiovascular (chronic heart failure), pulmonary (asthma), gastrointestinal (hepatic failure), renal (urinary tract infections, polyuria), endocrine (diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism), and neurological (Parkinson s disease,... 

There are a number of disease states that are associated with the endocrine system. For example, hormones may be released in amounts that are too great or too small for the body to work normally. This situation is often referred to as hormone imbalance however, other problems are associated with the endocrine system. Typical diseases associated with the endocrine system include hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, diabetes and osteoporosis. Additionally, in this chapter we will consider drags that ad on the endocrine system or drags that are associated with problems related to this system. Details of drags that are employed in the conuol of various aspects relating to the endocrine S5 tem will also be detailed. For instance, the utilisation of synthetic sex hormones for birth control will be dealt with. 

In untreated women, the main risk factors for endometrial carcinoma are age, obesity, nulliparity, late menopause (and possibly early menarche), the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, exposure to exogenous estrogens, radiation, and certain systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypothyroidism, and arthritis (SED-14, 1451) (88). Certain of these risk factors indicate that an altered endocrine state with increased estrogen stimulation is a predisposing cause, and one might thus in theory expect estrogen treatment (and notably hormonal replacement therapy) to increase the risk (SEDA-22, 466). 

Interestingly, TH also upregulates NOS activity at the hypothalamus and kidney levels, where the system is involved in sodium balance and arterial pressure regulation by limiting salt appetite and favoring sodium excretion, respectively. Therefore, besides the above-mentioned renal hemodynamic and endocrine factors, this mechanism may also contribute to the salt sensitivity of arterial BP in hypothyroid individuals (Quesada et ai, 2002). 

Central nervous system fatigue, fever, headache, insomnia, somnolence, psychosis, seizure Endocrine and metabolic hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia/hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypernatremia, hypothyroidism Cardiovascular atrial fibrillation/flutter, hypertension/hypotension, syncope, tachycardia, CHF, edema, anaphylactic shock Gastrointestinal nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, constipation, gastrointestinal bleeding, diarrhea, stomatitis Genitourinary UTI... 

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