Endocarditis, bacterial prophylaxis

Various antimicrobials agents is used in dentistry for prevention of local oral wound infection and prevention of distant infection i.e., bacterial endocarditis. Generally, prophylaxis by the use of antibiotics is not required for routine type of dental surgery... 

Prop/ y/acf/c-Although no controlled clinical efficacy studies have been conducted, IV vancomycin has been suggested for prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis in penicillin-allergic patients who have congenital... 

Penicillins are also used in the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever, sexually transmitted diseases e.g. gonorrhoea and syphilis and bacterial endocarditis. 

Prophylaxis should be targeted to those with the following risk factors prosthetic heart valves, previous bacterial endocarditis, congenital cardiac malformations, cardiac transplantation patients who develop cardiac valvulopathy. 

Bacterial Infections Fungal Infections Viral Infections Protozoal Ineections Parasitic Ineestations Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis for GI Procedures... 

Vancomycin is particularly useful in infections caused by meticillin-resistant or penicillinase-producing staphylococci and diphtheroids, as well as in the prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis and in the treatment of antibiotic-associated colitis. Sufficient fecal concentrations can be achieved with oral therapy. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and painful when injected intramuscularly. It diffuses moderately well into bone tissue (6). 

Metronidazole has been shown to be of great value in the management of anaerobic bacterial infections [20,27,75,76]. The role of this drug in the prophylaxis and treatment of various anaerobic bacterial infections, which may develop following appendectomy, elective colonic surgery, colo-rectal surgery and hysterectomy [20,77,78]. Mebendazole is equally useful in cases of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, lung abscess, empyema, peritonitis, septicemia and pelvic infections [79]. 

Patients with certain cardiac lesions, particularly those with prosthetic heart valves or a history of bacterial endocarditis, are at high risk for developing IE (see Table 109-10). Nevertheless, only 15% to 25% of patients who develop IE are in a definable high-risk category. Few cases of IE are preventable with antibiotic prophylaxis, even with 100% effectiveness. The concern of antibiotic resistance also questions the routine use of antimicrobials in this setting. Despite the low probability that IE will develop, prophylaxis is recommended for some dental, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary pro-... 

Natural penicillin Infections like streptococcal pneumonia, enterococcal and nonenterococcal group D endocarditis, diphtheria, anthrax, meningitis, tetanus, botulism, actinomycosis, syphilis, and relapsing fever, Lyme disease prophylaxis against pneumococcal infections, rheumatic fever, bacterial endocarditis... 

Patients must he fasting for the appropriate duration as determined hy age and health condition. No prophylactic antibiotic is administered before embolotherapy except in children with congenital heart defects for bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis [2]. Sedation at the bedside is prescribed by the anesthesiologist for anxious children and adolescents. 

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