Encapsulated bioactives

Mayer, L. D. Bally, M. B. Hope, M. J. Cullis, P R., Techniques for encapsulating bioactive agents into liposomes, Chem. Phys. Lipids 40, 333-345 (1986). 

Table 19.1 The values of n and k for NlPA-based hydrogels with encapsulated bioactive substances...

Figure 24.1. A schematic representation of encapsulated bioactives. (Reprinted with permission from Madene et al. 2006.)...

Table 24.1. Properties of the core, encapsulant material and microcapsule of importance in the design of encapsulated bioactives.

Developments in nanotechnology and control over the self-assembly behavior of components is expected to provide new insights into delivery of bioactives (Mezzenga et al. 2005 Chen et al., 2006 Sanguansri and Augustin 2006b). The development of nanoparticles with different size and structure is expected to provide a new generation of encapsulated bioactives, (Moraru et al. 2003). 

Oil in water (O/W) emulsions, which are of prevalent interest for encapsulating bioactive compounds and delivering them into food systems, are composed of oil droplets dispersed in an aqueous medium and are stabilized by a food-grade surfactant or biopolymeric layer, whose properties control the interfacial behavior (charge, thickness and droplet size, and rheology), as well as the response to environmental stresses (pH, ionic strength, temperature, and enzyme activity) of the encapsulation system. ... 

In comparison to emulsions, solid lipid particles exhibit an increased chemical protection against degradation, a higher encapsulation efficiency (>90%) and a better controlled release, due to the immobilization of the encapsulated bioactive compound in the solid lipid matrix. ... 

Multiple emulsions may be interesting ways for releasing bioactive compounds in a controlled rate, useful in cosmetic, pharmacy, agricultural, and industrial chemicals nevertheless, their commercial applications have been limited due to their thermodynamic instability and unexpected fast release of encapsulated bioactive molecules (Yoshida et al., 1999 Beer et al., 2013). 

Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are interesting mesophases that can be considered among other applications as delivery vehicles due to their remarkable structural complexity and high solubilization capacity. The remarkable abihty along other very unique characteristic is to release the encapsulated bioactives on demand and to enhance their transport across membranes. 

In summary, it can be concluded that it is possible to produce peptides from P-lactoglobulin through enzymatic hydrolysis, which keep the encapsulation properties of p-lactoglobulin, but significantly reduce autoxidation of the encapsulated bioactive ingredient (Fig. 2.18). It is well documented for liquid emulsions that... 

In the spray-dried particles, microencapsulation efficiency was increased in bilayer emulsions (Fig. 2.23) and when using low-methoxylated pectin, oxidative stability of the encapsulated bioactive ingredient was decreased (Fig. 2.24). The process-induced shift in the oil droplet size was more pronounced in bilayer emulsions based on high methoxylated pectin than in bilayer emulsions based on low-methoxlyated pectin (Fig. 2.25). However, both emulsions were more stable than the protein-stabilised emulsions. Data from dilatational rheology show an... 

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