Microencapsules efficiency

The survivability evaluation of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 in 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of alginate and chitosan-coated alginate microcapsules along the gastro-intestinal tract will be a step forward in understanding the microencapsulation efficiency, offering an effective way for increasing the life span. 

Lewandowski, A., Czyzewski, M., and Zbicinski, I. 2012. Morphology and microencapsulation efficiency of foamed spray-dried sunflower oU. J. Chem. Process Eng., 33(1) 95-102. 

Major issues in terms of the functionality of the microcapsules are particle ballooning, the microencapsulation efficiency and the physical stability of the dispersed system after reconstitution of the microcapsules. Particle ballooning may occur when crust formation on the particle occurs during drying due to the... 

The electrical charge of emulsion droplets was determined via zeta-potential measurement by electrophoretic light scattering. The oil droplet size of the emulsions was analysed by static light scattering after dilution of the emulsion to the required optical density or, in the case of spray-dried particles, after dissolution of an aliquot of the microcapsules. Microencapsulation efficiency was calculated from total oil content in the formulation and the gravimetric determination of the oil extracted from the microcapsules with petrol ether [62]. 

Fig. 2.17 Microencapsulation efficiency in spray-dried emulsions with p-lactoglobulin or P-lactoglobulin-hydrolysate-stabilised interface. Hydrolysates have been produced using trypsin (T) or alcalase (A), the percentage indicates the degree of hydrolysis. Reproduced with permission from [50]...

In the spray-dried particles, microencapsulation efficiency was increased in bilayer emulsions (Fig. 2.23) and when using low-methoxylated pectin, oxidative stability of the encapsulated bioactive ingredient was decreased (Fig. 2.24). The process-induced shift in the oil droplet size was more pronounced in bilayer emulsions based on high methoxylated pectin than in bilayer emulsions based on low-methoxlyated pectin (Fig. 2.25). However, both emulsions were more stable than the protein-stabilised emulsions. Data from dilatational rheology show an... 

In this chapter, novel method for microencapsulation by coacervation is presented. The method employs polymer-polymer incompatibility taking place in a ternary system composed of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). In the ternary system, various interactions between HPMC-NaCMC, HPMC-SDS and NaCMC-(HPMC-SDS) take place. The interactions were investigated by carrying out detailed conductometric, tensiometric, turbidimetric, viscosimetric, and rheological study. The interactions may result in coacervate formation as a result of incompatibility between NaCMC molecules and HPMC/SDS complex, where the ternary system phase separates in HPMC/SDS complex rich coacervate and NaCMC rich equilibrium solution. By tuning the interactions in the ternary system coacervate of controlled rheological properties was obtained. Thus obtained coacervate was deposited at the surface of dispersed oil droplets in emulsion, and oil-content microcapsules with a coacervate shell of different properties were obtained. Formation mechanism and stability of the coacervate shell, as well as stability of emulsions depend on HPMC-NaCMC-SDS interaction. Emulsions stabilized with coacervate of different properties were spray dried and powder of microcapsules was obtained. Dispersion properties of microcapsules, and microencapsulation efficiency were investigated and found to depend on both properties of deposited coacervate and the encapsulated oil type. 

Systematic investigation on HPMC-SDS, HPMC-NaCMC, and (HPMC-SDS)-NaCMC interaction were carried out. The interactions were used to obtain coacervate of controlled rheological properties in ternary HPMC/NaCMC/SDS system consisting of 0.7% HPMC, 0.3% NaCMC and different SDS concentrations. Thus obtained coacervate was deposited at surface of emulsified oil droplets. Emulsion stability was tested. Emulsions were spray drayed in order to obtain powder of oil-containing microcapsules. Dispersion properties of microcapsules and microencapsulation efficiency were investigated. 

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