Enamels composition

Typical ranges of enamel compositions are Hsted in Table 2. Raw materials (Table 1) for the glass batch include minerals, such as feldspars and quartz, because these are inexpensive sources of Si02 and AI2O2 (see Clays). The batch composition for cover coats is comprised primarily of manufactured chemicals of known, controlled levels of purity to maintain reproducible, clean colors. 

Cerium oxide has a high refractive index, and is an opacifying agent in enamel compositions [28] used as protective coatings on metals. 

Typical ground coat enamel compositions are given in Table 5.4-1. 

In enamel technology, ceramic particles can be added to improve one or several of the critical properties of enamel, such as chemical and wear resistance, impact strength and optical properties [86]. The quahty of heat resistant enamels for protection of chromium-nickel steels can thus be improved by incorporating different oxide fillers, e.g. NiO, AI2O3, ZrOi, Cr203 and Fe203, into the basic silicate enamel composition [87]. 

Four Falex disks were slurry sprayed with the enamel composition. These specimens will be used to obtain pin-on-disk baseline wear and friction data for the enamel composition. The enamel will be evaluated running against both ceramic and metallic counterfaces. 

Corrosion Resistance. Porcelain enamel is widely used because of its resistance to household chemicals and foods. Mild alkaline or acid environments are generally involved in household applications. Table 6 presents examples of corrosive environments for which porcelain enamels are widely used for long periods of service. Special enamel compositions are available to resist most acids, except for hydrofluoric or concentrated phosphorics, to temperatures of 230 °C (450 °F). These compositions also resist alkali concentration to pH 12 at 93 °C (200 °F). 

Socci, R. L. Nail enamel composition comprising dye having a decorative color effect. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. US 2007231281, 2007 Chem. Abstr. 2007, 147, 412719. 

Cost and hazardous properties became very important criteria at the end of the twentieth century for environmental reasons, for example, the limitation and then the replacement of lead in glass/enamel composition. This continuous evolution gives us a variety of markers to trace production place and time. In this context important changes in ceramic pigments manufacture can be pointed out ... 

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