Emulsions examples

Dispersed Systems. Many fluids of commercial and biological importance are dispersed systems, such as soflds suspended in Hquids (dispersions) and Hquid-Hquid suspensions (emulsions). Examples of the former include inks, paints, pigment slurries, and concrete examples of the latter include mayonnaise, butter, margarine, oil-and-vinegar salad dressing, and milk. Blood seems to fall in between as it is a suspension of deformable but not hquid particles, and it does not behave like either a dispersion or an emulsion (69) it thus has an interesting rheology (70). 

Tyj)e of dryer Applicable with dry-product recirculation True and colloidal solutions emulsions. Examples inorganic salt solutions, extracts, milk, blood, waste liquors, rubber latex, etc. Pumpable suspensions. Examples pigment slurries, soap and detergents, calcium carbonate, bentonite, clay sbp, lead concentrates, etc. does not dust. Recirculation of product may prevent sticking Examples filter-press cakes, sedimentation sludges, centrifuged sobds, starch, etc. 

Different polysaccharides change the perception of flavour, thus xanthan is superior to gum guar in the perception of sweetness. Mixtures of xanthan and locust bean gum have improved flavour release and texture when used in pies and pat s compared to starch. Many foods are emulsions, examples being soups, sauces and spreads. Exopolysaccharides are used to stabilise these emulsions and prevent the phases from... 

A foam in which the liquid consists of two phases in the form of an emulsion. Also termed foam emulsion . Example whipped cream consists of air bubbles dispersed in cream, which is an emulsion. See also Foam. See Foaming Agent. 

A mixed colloidal dispersion in which a suspension is combined with an emulsion. Example some kinds of emulsion-based paints. 

Although the aim of the book is to provide an introduction to the field, it does so in a very applications-oriented manner. Thus, the focus of the book is practical rather than theoretical. In a systematic progression, beginning with the fundamental principles of petroleum emulsions, the reader is soon introduced to characterization techniques and fiow properties, and finally to industrial practice. Chapters 1-4 present the fundamental concepts and properties involved in emulsions within the context of their occurrence in the petroleum industry. Chapter 1 sets out the basic foundation for all subsequent chapters. Selected areas of special importance are then expanded in Chapter 2 on emulsion stability. Chapter 3 on characterization techniques, and Chapter 4 on rheological properties. All of these use petroleum emulsion examples for illustration, and in most cases cover the latest useful techniques available. 

The constituent with the lowest correlahon coefRcient with the pixel spectrum wiU likely be the one missing in this pixel. This procedure is carried out individually for each of the pixels that can be potentially constrained. At this point, we need to consider that the identification of the missing components may not always be conclusive enough. To prevent the introduction of misidentifications, a first step consists of seeing the natural correlation between the spectra used as reference (see the matrix below for the emulsion example). 

Figure 2.10 Procedure followed to incorporate local rank constraints in resolution (monolayer emulsion example).

Extemporaneous emulsions were prepared by adding a concentrated drug solution to a commercially available parenteral emulsion. Examples are shown in Table I. 

Parts of this complexity are addressed in published information on chemical destabilization of crude W/O emulsions. Examples include studies on California (62), Salem... 

Lipid oxidation is not well understood in systems in which the fat is dispersed as emulsion droplets. This interfacial oxidation affects a large number of foods, which exist partially or entirely in the form of emulsions. Examples include milk, cream, cheese, mayoimaise, margarine, butter, ice cream, soups, sauces and baby foods. For a better understanding of the lipid oxidation in multiphase systems, the following basic questions should be considered ... 

Some fine solid particles present in crude oil are able to stabilize emulsions by diffusion into the oil/water interface to form rigid structures that can sterically prevent the coalescence of droplets. To act as stabilizers, the particles must be much smaller than the size of emulsion droplets. They must present themselves at the interface and be sprayed with two phases (aqueous and oily) to stabilize the emulsion. Examples of wet solids in oil are wax and asphaltenes and examples of wet solids in water are inorganic compounds such as, for example, CaCQs and CaS04, clay and sand. 

Figure 2.11 Procedure followed to incorporate local rank constraints in resolution (monolayer emulsion example), (a) Partial local rank map (b) reference spectral...

The alternative route of preparing water reducible resins using emulsion polymerisation of an acid functional acrylic resin has already been considered under emulsion example 7 - preparation of a water soluble acrylic copolymer. 

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