Emulsion diprivan

Fat emulsions are used to supply a large amount of energy in a small volume of isotonic liquid they supply the body with essential fatty acids and triglycerides. Fat emulsions for intravenous nutrition contain vegetable oil and phospholipid emulsifier. Several commercial fat emulsions are available, such as Intralipid, Lipiphysan, Lipofundin and Lipo-fundin S. They contain either cottonseed oil or soybean oil. In Intralipid, for example, purified egg-yolk phospholipids are used as the emulsifiers, and isotonicity is obtained by the addition of sorbitol, xylitol or glycerol. Intralipid has also been used as the basis of an intravenous dmg carrier, for example for diazepam (Diazemuls) and propofol (Diprivan), as an alternative to solubilisation in nonionic micellar systems such as Cremophor EL. 

Parenteral emulsions were first introduced to provide an IV source of essential fatty acids and calories. This has developed into the extensive and routine use of products such as Intraplipid, Lipofundin and Liposyn in total parenteral nutrition. There are relatively few commercially available emulsions containing active compounds the only example on the U.S. market is Diprivan Injectable Emulsion, the formulation of which is shown in Table 9.4. Diazepam is also available as an injectable emulsion on the UK market (Diazemuls ). For a more detailed discussion of the issues involved in developing parenteral emulsions, the reader is referred to Collins-Gold et al. (1990). 

This dmg, also known as Diprivan, is chemically unlike any of the previously described iv agents and was developed following the discovery of the anesthetic activity of the 2,6-diethyl analogue (111). Propofol itself is insoluble in water and is usually formulated in a soya bean oil emulsion. Propofol induction, with or without an opioid, is smooth and similar to that of other agents, although pain at the injection site and apnea have been reported (112,113). Recovery after induction and maintenance is faster, with fewer side effects, than with thiopentone (114), although sexual disinhibition has been anecdotally reported (115). Propofol is rapidly distributed, metabolized, and eliininated (116). 

A. Parenteral. Propofol (Diprivan) 1% (10 mg/mL) emulsion in 10% soybean oil with 2.25% glycerol and 1.25% purified egg phospholipid in 20-, 50-, or 100-mL vials and a 50-mL prefilled syringe. Contains disodium EDTA or sodium metabisulfite in the US formulation as preservatives. A 2% (20 mg/mL) emulsion has been formulated to provide the same amount of drug with less lipid concentration, but is not yet approved in the United States. Note Propofol is provided as a ready-to-use preparation, but if dilution is necessary, only use D5W and don t dilute to conoentrations less than 2 mg/mL. 

Diprivan or Disoprivan is an example of a licensed medicinal product formulated as an emulsion. The active substance propofol (di-isopropyl phenol) is solubilised in an emulsion composed of 10 % soybean oil with egg phosphatide. 

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