EMTP Development

As a similar software to the EMTP, SPICE is well known especially in the field of power electronics. The strength of the SPICE is that the physical parameters of the semiconductors are easily available as a part of the software. 

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Schnyder-Bergeron method by Frey and Althammer 1964 Dommel s PhD thesis in Tech. Univ. Munich 1966 Dommel started EMTP development in BPA 1968 Transients Program (TP = EMTP Mode 0), 4000 statements 1973 Dommel moved to Univ. British Columbia Scott-Meyer succeeded EMTP development... 

Universal Transients Program File (UTPF) and Editor/Translator Program (E/T) completed by Scott-Meyer. UTPF and E/T made by EMTP could be used in any computers because those solved machine-dependent problems and prepared a platform for any researchers able to join EMTP development, not necessary to visit BPA Japanese EMTP Committee founded 1976 Semiyen, Ametani, Brandwajn, and Dube joined the team 1982 Marti joined EMTP development 1978 First EMTP workshop during IEEE PES meeting... 

EMTP development in BPA terminated Final version EMTP Mode 42 Scott-Meyer started to develop ATP-EMIP independendy on BPA and EPRI/DCG... 

Table 1.13 summarizes the history of the EMTP from 1966 to 1991. Since the early 1990s, there are so many simulation tools related to or similar to the EMTP and too many publications related to the EMTP development, which cannot be covered in this book. 

Japanese EMTP Committee founded 1976 Semiyen, Ametani, Brandwajn, IXibe, and so on 1982 Marti joined EMTP development... 

First, this book will illustrate a transient on a single-phase line from a physical viewpoint, and how it can be solved analytically by an electric circuit theory. The impedance and admittance formulas of an overhead line will also be described. Approximate formulas that can be computed using a pocket calculator will be explained to show that a transient can be analytically evaluated via hand calculation. Since a real power line contains three phases, a theory to deal with a multiphase line will be developed. Finally, the book describes how to tackle a real transient in a power system. A computer simulation tool is necessary for this— specifically the well-known simulation tool Electro Magnetic Transients Program (EMTP), originally developed by the U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration— which is briefly explained in Chapter 1. 

Akihiro Ametani earned his PhD from the University of Manchester (UMIST), Manchester, UK, in 1973. He was with the UMIST from 1971 to 1974, and with Bonneville Power Administration for summers from 1976 to 1981, and developed the EMTP (Electro-Magnetic Transients Program). Since 1985, he has been a professor at Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan. In 1988, he was a visiting professor at the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. From April 1996 to March 1998, he was the director of the Science and Engineering Institute, Doshisha University, and dean of the Library and Computer/Information Center from April 1998 to March 2001. He was chairperson of the Doshisha Council until March 2014. 

The EMTP has been widely used all over the world as a standard simulation tool for transient analysis not only in a power system, but also in an electronic circuit. The BPA of the U.S. Department of the Interior (later U.S. Department of Energy) started to develop a computer software for analyzing power system transients, especially switching overvoltage from the... 

ATP development transferred to Leuven EMTP Center (LEG) in Belgium ATP ver. 2 completed. BPA joined LEG... 

MATLAB, MAPLE, and the like. If a user needs to develop a model circuit that is not available in the EMTP, it can be achieved by using TAGS or MODEES. 

There exist powerful simulation tools such as the EMTP [35]. These tools, however, involve a number of complex assumptions and application limits that are not easily understood by the user, and often lead to incorrect results. Quite often, a simulation result is not correct due to the user s misunderstanding of the application limits related to the assumptions of the tools. The best way to avoid this type of incorrect simulation is to develop a custom simulation tool. For this purpose, the FD method of transient simulations is recommended, because the method is entirely based on the theory explained in Section 2.5, and requires only numerical transformation of a frequency response into a time response using the inverse Fourier/Laplace transform [2,6,36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41-42]. The theory of a distributed parameter circuit, transient analysis in a lumped parameter circuit, and the Fourier/Laplace transform are included in undergraduate course curricula in the electrical engineering department of most universities throughout the world. This section explains how to develop a computer code of the FD transient simulations. 

The solutions are the following (1) expansion of the electronics simulator to power-system analysis by developing some modes of power apparatuses and (2) expansion of the power-system simulator, such as the EMTP, by developing some modes of semiconductor devices. In this section, the latter method is employed [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7-8]. 

Based on the measured results, modeling of electrical elements related to these paths is developed for an LS simulation, and electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) simulations are demonstrated in the model. The simulation results are compared with the measured results, and the accuracy of the modeling method is discussed. 

Quite often, a problem appears unexpectedly for a user but not for the developers of a simulation tool it is hard for developers to predict such problems at the development stage. These problems are caused quite often by the misuse of the tool by the user. Therefore, reliability and severity tests of simulation tools are very important. For example, it took nearly 10 years to carry out reliability and severity tests on tens of thousands of cases with EMTP cable constants. It should be noted that the reliability of a tool (that is, the probability of a problem occurring) is proportional to the number of elements (that is, the number of subroutines and options) although each individual element has very high reliability. Input data often cause numerical instability when the data physically do not exist this problem is related to the assumption of formulas adopted in the simulation tool as explained in Section 8.1. To avoid such a problem, a KILL CODE is prepared in the EMTP. The kill code judges whether the input data are beyond the limits of assumption. It may be noteworthy that nearly half of the EMTP codes are kill codes. This may be considered by developers in another simulation tool. 

As was mentioned in above, a simulation tool user should be careful about input data. Quite often, input data beyond the limits of assumption of the tool are used, and users then complain that the tool gives erroneous output—this was the author s experience as a developer of the original EMTP beginning in 1976. At the same time, both the user and the developer should... 

TAGS and MODELS are kinds of a compufer language by which a user can produce a computer code as an input data of fhe EMTP. Those are, in a sense, a pioneering software before MATLAB, MAPLE, and so on. If a user needs to develop a model circuit, which is not available in the EMTP, it can be achieved by using TAGS or MODELS. 

Photovoltaic generation and even a wind power generation necessitate energy storage, that is, battery. As an application example of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, voltage-regulation equipment for a direct current (dc) railway system is developed based on EMTP simulations. EMTP simulation is explained in detail and a comparison with measured results is carried out. EMTP data lists are given in this chapter. 

Chapter 1 also presents the well-known simulation tool electromagnetic transients program (EMTP), originally developed by the US Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, which is useful in dealing with a real transient in a power system. 

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