Emission theory

Emissions-lehre) /. emission theory, -verhilt-niS) n. emissivity. -vermogen) n. emissive power. 

The photon and the electromagnetic field are different entities. For instance, Ritz [30] proposed an emission theory. In Section V we will try a similar dichotomy, but maintining a constant speed of signal relative to E. 

Let us postulate that we live in a 3D hypersurface that slides along the u axis with speed v°u = ca, where the u axis coincides with the arrow of time. The 4-velocity is then a (row or column) vector 1 a = ( ca,vx,vy,vz). The plus (resp. minus) sign corresponds to the speed of preons that enter (resp. leave) our 3D world, parallel (resp. antiparallel) to the time arrow. It will be seen below that this constant ca is the one that enters Einstein s mass-energy equation, and corresponds to the speed of our 3D world along the time axis (interpretation 2 in Fig. 1). The speed of electromagnetic radiation in free space is a different constant c. The value of the latter may be either identical or numerically close to c , depending of whether one adopts a relativistic or an emission theory for photons, respectively (see Section V). 

Emission theory (see the paper by Cyrenika [131] for the principles of emission theory) when c depends of photon energy and speed of the emitter. This is the case of Ritz [30] and other emission theories reviewed by Fox [35]. 

The photon model here refers to a photon at rest in E. The four theories just mentioned are compatible with Eq. (101). Detailed predictions of each theory are different, so that crucial tests may be designed and carried out. For instance, the Michelson-Morley experiment is conventionally interpreted as a demonstration of Einsteinian relativity, but the evidence is not convincing, as discussed in Section II. Another example, to discriminate between relativistic theories (1) and (2) and emission theories (3) and (4), it is necessary to measure with high precision the velocity of photons with energy higher than 100 keV. 

Spin and velocity of photons from pair production and bremsstrahlung17 may help decide between emission theories and (Lorentzian or Einsteinian) relativistic theories. 

The controversy was settled in favour of the undulatory theory because the latter could immediately give a reasonable explanation of interference and diffraction phenomena. Again the observation (Foucault) that the velocity of propagation of light in a medium is less than in a vacuum was in contradiction to the emission theory. 

Nave, M. J. The Effect of Duty Cycle on SMPS Common Mode Emissions Theory and Experiment , TEEE 1989 National Symposium on 23-25 May, 1989... 

Some of these difficulties of the tactile theory can be explained away by postulating that the visual probes are able to feel only certain kinds of surfaces and then making a series of assumptions that surfaces can be modified under various conditions. But this approach only ends up making the theory intolerably complicated, since the simple sense of relation to die sense of touch— the very important attribute of the theory—is lost. These conflicts can be resolved in a simple and satisfactory way by the emission theory if it is assumed that some bodies are able to emit a radiation to which the eyes are sensitive, and that others are able to reflect or scatter this radiation so that it enters the eye. For these and similar reasons, the tactile theory was gradually superseded by and eventually replaced with the emission theory. The process for this transformation was, however, very slow, and it was not until about 1000 AD that, under the influence of the Arabian astronomer Alhazen (discussed below), the tactile theory was finally abandoned. ... 

At this stage the critical issues regarding a-Si H Schottky barriers are addressed. The first is whether the forward-bias transport of undoped diodes is limited by diffusion or thermionic emission. This point may prove crucial to interpreting other experiments such as DLTS or frequency-dependent C- V to obtain gap-state densities. It seems from the experiments described to date, that well-prepared, well-characterized interfaces for at least some metals yield transport characteristics consistent with the thermionic emission theory. 

The effect of drift and diffusion in the depletion region is assumed to be negligible in the thermionic emission theory and the barrier height is assumed to be large compared with kT. From Fig. 3.17, it is obvious that only those electrons whose kinetic energy exceeds the height of the potential barrier will be able to reach the top of the barrier. Assuming that the... 

Schottky barrier thermionic emission theory [48], contained in the term ns, solution parameters are dominating Eq. 6. The potential dependence, however, results from the thermal population increase of the surface electron concentration due to the upward shift of the Fermi level upon forward biasing. 

See also Biomacromolecular Applications of Circular Dichroism and ORD Chiroptical Spectroscopy, Emission Theory Chiroptical Spectroscopy, General Theory Chiroptical Spectroscopy, Oriented Molecules and Anisotropic Systems Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Fluorescence Detected Circular Dichroism Light Sources and Optics Luminescence, Theory Nonlinear Optical Properties Vibrational CD Spectrometers Vibrational CD, Applications Vibrational CD, Theory. 

See also Chiroptical Spectroscopy, Emission Theory Chiropticai Spectroscopy, Generai Theory NMR in Anisotropic Systems, Theory Raman Opticai Activity, Theory Vibrationai CD, Theory. 

Clearing of Industrial Gas Emissions Theory, Calculation, and Practice... 

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